Exploring Primary Healthcare Students and Their Mentors’ Awareness of Mentorship and Clinical Governance as Part of a Local Continuing Professional Development (CPD) Program: Findings of a Quantitative Survey

Abstract

: Introduction: Research by Snowden [1] and Elwood et al. [2] exploring the benefits of mentoring and the place of clinical governance in enhancing care delivery illustrated an unexplored synonymous relationship between mentors and mentees (students at undergraduate and postgraduate levels) and its potential impact on patient safety and quality of care. The significance of the research was in recognizing the importance the role of the mentor can play in raising awareness of patient safety and clinical governance principles and processes in the primary healthcare setting. Aims: Building on Elwood et al.’s [2] preliminary research, this research aimed to explore primary healthcare workers and their mentor’s awareness of mentorship and clinical governance as part of a local Continuing Professional Development (CPD) program. Furthermore, it aimed to establish any relationship between the mentors, the mentee, and their awareness and application of clinical governance in the primary healthcare setting. Methodology: A quantitative research design using a survey was adopted. Data Collection Instrument: The researchers integrated previously validated questionnaires incorporating Darling’s [3] Measuring Mentor Potential Scale, Darwin’s [4] Dimensions of Mentoring, and the Clinical Governance Awareness Questionnaire developed by McSherry and Pearce [5] into a new questionnaire. This was called “Mentorship and Clinical Governance Awareness”. Sample: Convenience sample surveys were posted to complete and return to 480 primary healthcare workers undertaking post graduate study. Findings: A total of 112 completed questionnaires were included for the analysis amounting to a 23% response rate. A principle component factor analysis combining part 1—Darling’s [3] characteristics of an effective mentor and part 2—Darwin’s [4] personality characteristics of an effective mentor identified four primary characteristics. These are: (1) “A Facilitatory Adviser”, (2) “Critically Enabling Facilitator”, (3) “A Change Facilitator”, and (4) “An Approachable Facilitator”. These newly identified characterizations according to the primary healthcare workers significantly impacted on their awareness and application of clinical governance in primary healthcare practice. Implications for primary healthcare practice and education: The newly devised questionnaire can be used to gauge the effectiveness of mentors and mentoring and how the characteristics of the role can impact on mentee’s awareness and application of clinical governance. Healthcare manager’s, leaders, and educators should focus their attention on how these newly established characteristics of the mentor can influence clinical governance awareness and application in healthcare the future.

Sustainability and Social Enterprise: The Ways Forward

“…Building upon this, despite the paucity of mentoring literature in the field of social enterprise (Thomaz and Catalão-Lopes, 2019), Oberoi et al (2020a) and Oberoi et al (2020b) illustrate its relevance to social enterprise organizations and the development of social entrepreneurs. The skills identified previously by McSherry and Snowden (2019) clearly resonate with the findings from the authors' experience on this project.…”

“…(Snowden, 2019, p. 123) Nonetheless, experiences on this project have demonstrated that the transfer of experience, knowledge and skills of the mentor is a challenging and transformative process that requires key skills, qualities and abilities. McSherry and Snowden (2019) suggest that there are four key attributes of the mentor to ensure effective transference; these include the ability to teach, explain, prioritize and develop interpersonal skills, the ability to provide constructive and critical feedback based upon both negative and positive experiences, a critical awareness of standards that are commensurate with excellence, and the ability to develop and construct awareness of politics that influence practice.…”

A A New Era of Social Enterprise? A Global Viewpoint

“…After the data collection was completed, the authors of the research implemented a thematic analysis strategy for all of the data that was collected (Guest, et al, 2012). The work that is presented in this paper builds on previous published articles by the authors (please see : Oberoi, et al, 2020;2019;2018).…”

“…Clearly, as Snowden and Hardy assert, "mentoring enables the mentee "to make best use of the resources available by accessing the 'inside knowledge' that the mentor possesses" (2012, p. 90). Mentoring, as a strategy to promote success, is acknowledged in a variety of different contexts; for example, business, medicine, nursing, dentistry, law, and education all recognize the importance that the mentoring role has on personal development and the development of practice (McSherry & Snowden, 2019). Furthermore, the importance of the mentor in the development of social enterprise and the personal development of social entrepreneurs is emphasized by organizations such as Social Enterprise UK, The British Council and the School for Social Entrepreneurs.…”

Reaffirming trust in social enterprise in the COVID-19 era: Ways forward

“…However, to facilitate the transfer of experience, knowledge and skills this in itself is a challenging and transformative process that requires key skills, qualities and abilities. McSherry and Snowden (2019) highlight these when exploring mentorship within health and social care.…”