Exploring protective associations between the use of classic psychedelics and cocaine use disorder: a population-based survey study

Jones, Grant; Nock, Matthew K.

doi:10.1038/s41598-022-06580-2

Cited by 28 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…Psilocybin was the sole classic psychedelic substance associated with lowered odds of past year OUD in a large, nationally-representative sample of the U.S. population. These findings accord with other population-based survey research indicating that classic psychedelics share differing relationships to mental health outcomes in naturalistic contexts 16 – 19 . Additionally, the magnitude of the association between psilocybin use and OUD (30% reduction in odds) is comparable to that initially reported by Pisano et al using NSDUH data from 2008 to 2013—allowing us to report that Pisano et al’s findings replicate in a different (more recent) nationally-representative sample.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…It is also necessary to understand the unique associations that individual classic psychedelics share with OUD. Work from Jones and Nock 16 – 19 found that different psychedelic compounds have differing patterns of association with mental health outcomes. Thus, examining the correlates between lifetime use of several commonly-used psychedelic compounds and OUD can help to identify the specific compounds best suited to treating OUD.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Associations between classic psychedelics and opioid use disorder in a nationally-representative U.S. adult sample

Jones

Ricard

Lipson

et al. 2022

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Opioid use disorder (OUD) is a major source of morbidity and mortality in the U.S. and there is a pressing need to identify additional treatments for the disorder. Classic psychedelics (psilocybin, peyote, mescaline, LSD) have been linked to the alleviation of various substance use disorders and may hold promise as potential treatments for OUD. The aim of this study was to assess whether the aforementioned classic psychedelic substances conferred lowered odds of OUD. Furthermore, this study aimed to replicate and extend findings from Pisano et al. (2017) who found classic psychedelic use to be linked to lowered odds of OUD in a nationally representative sample. We used recent data from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (2015–2019) (N = 214,505) and multivariable logistic regression to test whether lifetime use (yes/no) of classic psychedelics was associated with lowered odds of OUD. Lifetime psilocybin use was associated with lowered odds of OUD (aOR: 0.70; 95% CI [0.60, 0.83]). No other substances, including other classic psychedelics, were associated with lowered odds of OUD. Additionally, sensitivity analyses revealed psilocybin use to be associated with lowered odds of seven of the 11 DSM-IV criteria for OUD (aOR range: 0.66–0.83). Future clinical trials and longitudinal studies are needed to determine whether these associations are causal.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations between classic psychedelics and opioid use disorder in a nationally-representative U.S. adult sample

Jones

Ricard

Lipson

et al. 2022

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“…These findings also are consistent with other population-based survey research on classic psychedelics suggesting that naturalistic use of LSD in particular is associated with increased odds of adverse outcomes 21 , 22 , despite evidence for LSD’s therapeutic efficacy under clinical administration 23 . Negative outcomes have been associated with the use of some psychedelics, such as paranoia, stress, anxiety, and increased odds of psychosis 24 , and might underlie the association between LSD use and increased odds of nicotine dependence.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Associations between classic psychedelics and nicotine dependence in a nationally representative sample

Jones

Lipson

Nock

2022

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Tobacco use is the single largest cause of preventable death worldwide, but none of the established treatments aimed at smoking cessation work for a majority of smokers. As such, there is an urgent need for interventions capable of reliably treating nicotine addiction. The use of classic psychedelics has been associated with lower odds of many forms of substance dependence. Here we tested whether lifetime use of classic psychedelics (tryptamine, lysergamide, and phenethylamine) is associated with lower odds of current nicotine dependence. We tested these associations in a sample of 214,505 adult participants in the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (2015–2019) using multivariable logistic regression models. Lifetime psilocybin use was associated with reduced odds of odds of current nicotine dependence (aOR 0.87–0.93). Lifetime use of peyote and mescaline also conferred reduced odds of multiple subdomains of a main nicotine dependence measure (Nicotine Dependence Syndrome Scale [NDSS]) (aOR 0.79–0.91). Conversely, lifetime use of LSD was associated with increased odds of nicotine dependence (aOR 1.17–1.24). Psilocybin, mescaline, and peyote use are associated with lowered odds of nicotine dependence. Experimental studies are needed to establish whether these associations are causal. These results make the case for further research into the efficacy of both tryptamine and phenethylamine psychedelics in promoting smoking cessation.

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“…These covariates not only mirror those from Simonsson et al (2021aSimonsson et al ( , 2021bSimonsson et al ( , 2021c, which we sought to replicate and extend, but also broadly match those from other population-based survey research on classic psychedelics (Hendricks et al, 2015(Hendricks et al, , 2018Jones, Ricard, et al, 2022;Jones and Nock, 2022a, 2022b, 2022c, 2022d. Furthermore, these variables control for a wide range of potentially confounding sociodemographic and substance use factors known to influence health outcomes (Christensen et al, 2018;Hu et al, 2017;Inoue-Choi, Shiels, et al, 2019;Levola et al, 2020).…”

Section: Control Variablesmentioning

confidence: 85%

Associations between MDMA/ecstasy use and physical health in a U.S. population-based survey sample

et al. 2022

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Introduction: 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA/“ecstasy”) is an empathogen that can give rise to increased pleasure and empathy and may effectively treat post-traumatic stress disorder. Although prior research has demonstrated associations between ecstasy use and favorable mental health outcomes, the associations between ecstasy and physical health have largely been unexplored. Thus, the goal of this study was to examine the associations between ecstasy use and physical health in a population-based survey sample. Method: This study utilized data from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (2005–2018), a yearly survey that collects information on substance use and health outcomes in a nationally representative sample of U.S. adults. We used multinomial, ordered, and logistic regression models to test the associations between lifetime ecstasy use and various markers of physical health (self-reported body mass index, overall health, past year heart condition and/or cancer, past year heart disease, past year hypertension, and past year diabetes), controlling for a range of potential confounders. Results: Lifetime ecstasy use was associated with significantly lower risk of self-reported overweightness and obesity (adjusted relative risk ratio range: 0.55–0.88) and lower odds of self-reported past year heart condition and/or cancer (adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 0.67), hypertension (aOR: 0.85), and diabetes (aOR: 0.58). Ecstasy use was also associated with significantly higher odds of better self-reported overall health (aOR: 1.18). Conclusion: Ecstasy shares protective associations with various physical health markers. Future longitudinal studies and clinical trials are needed to more rigorously test these associations.

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Exploring protective associations between the use of classic psychedelics and cocaine use disorder: a population-based survey study

Cited by 28 publications

References 62 publications

Associations between classic psychedelics and opioid use disorder in a nationally-representative U.S. adult sample

Associations between classic psychedelics and opioid use disorder in a nationally-representative U.S. adult sample

Associations between classic psychedelics and nicotine dependence in a nationally representative sample

Associations between MDMA/ecstasy use and physical health in a U.S. population-based survey sample

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