“…On the other hand, activity communities embrace more non-monetary, egalitarian values and may even incorporate anti-commercial belief systems (Cova & White, 2010). Accordingly, promotional messages and the corporate utilisation of community content are implicitly accepted within brand communities (Hansen, 2013), whereas activity communities tend to exhibit a more independent, consumer-to-consumer interaction culture (Bagozzi & Dholakia, 2006a;Campbell & Jovchelovitch, 2000;Chau & Xu, 2007).…”