Exploring Sex Differences among Sentenced Juvenile Offenders in Australia

Fitzgerald, Robin; Mazerolle, Paul; Piquero, Alex R.; Ansara, Donna L.

doi:10.1080/07418825.2011.565361

Cited by 22 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…In a more recent study from the Netherlands using data from the Criminal Career and Life Course Study [44], women were found to be more likely to commit property offences than men, but the proportion of violent offences across criminal careers was far higher for men than women. Finally, in a study using data from the 1503 serious juvenile offenders in the YJCPT, Fitzgerald et al [23] found that although there was broad concurrence between the types of offences committed by male and female offenders, more males could be classified as serious violent/versatile offenders, whereas more females were classified as less-serious low-level violent offenders.…”

Section: Offence Specialisation and Versatilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring Patterns of Offending by Juvenile Offenders in Australia: What Is the Evidence for a Specialist Violent Offender?

McGrath

2015

J Dev Life Course Criminology

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The question of whether there are offenders who specialise in violent offences is one that has been of considerable interest to life course developmental criminology as well as policy makers and the public. The current study investigated this using an administrative dataset of juvenile offenders from New South Wales, Australia. Specifically, it asked whether offenders convicted of a serious violent offence differed in their demographic, criminal history and reoffending profiles and whether there were further differences in these factors across gender and cultural identity. Overall, the findings indicated that violence is more likely to occur in the context of an extensive criminal career. Indigenous male individuals were the most frequent and chronic offenders in the sample. The policy and theoretical implications of these findings are discussed.

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Section: Offence Specialisation and Versatilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring Patterns of Offending by Juvenile Offenders in Australia: What Is the Evidence for a Specialist Violent Offender?

McGrath

2015

J Dev Life Course Criminology

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“…Each of these Australian cohort studies also aims to provide insight into the risk factors associated with various offending patterns. Fitzgerald et al [42] show child maltreatment to be a key feature in the lives of males and females who exhibit the most serious patterns of offending. Ferrante [40] examines a few key individual and ecological correlates and finds that similar risk and protective factors influence both high-and low-rate offending across gender and Indigenous status.…”

Section: Life Course Studies In Australiamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Specifically, recent research has applied the developmental approach to examine offending trajectories among a sample of adult offenders in Western Australia [40] and among samples of juvenile offenders in Queensland [42,61] and South Australia [65]. More importantly, and particularly relevant to the current effort, these studies assess how gender and race/ethnicity influence offending behavior over time.…”

Section: Life Course Studies In Australiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Life Course Offending Pathways Across Gender and Race/Ethnicity

Broidy

Stewart

Thompson

et al. 2015

J Dev Life Course Criminology

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Purpose This paper aims to refine our understanding of life course offending patterns across gender and race/ethnicity and to advance work in this area by examining how gender and race/ethnicity interact to influence life course offending patterns. Methods We use criminal justice system data to construct a longitudinal offending cohort that includes all individuals born in 1983/1984 with at least one court finalization for a criminal offense in the state of Queensland between the ages of 10 and 25 years. The data include 41,280 offenders (25.6 % female; 8.9 % Indigenous Australian) responsible for 209,872 offenses (M=5.08, SD=12.31). Coupling these data with state-level census data for those born in 1983/1984 (N=129,782), we estimate cohort offending rates overall and disaggregated by gender and race/ethnicity both independently and jointly. Focusing on the offenders, we use semiparametric groupbased modeling to identify the number and longitudinal distributions of offending trajectories within the cohort and compare how subgroups defined by gender, Indigenous status, and their combination sort into these trajectories. Results Most of the birth cohort has little to no contact with the criminal justice system through age 25. However, patterns are not uniform across gender or race/ethnicity, with males and Indigenous Australians most likely to fit the serious and chronic offending trajectories. Gender and race/ethnicity also interact to influence offending patterns with non-Indigenous females significantly more likely than any other group to avoid system contact, while Indigenous males have comparatively exaggerated rates of contact. Moreover, Indigenous females offend in ways more similar to non-Indigenous males than females and, in some instances, evidence even more serious offending. J Dev Life Course Criminology (2015) Conclusions Developmental and life course models should highlight not just the operant developmental dynamics across key life stages or the relevant age-graded risk and protective factors at play, but also how gender and race/ethnicity condition these processes both independently and jointly.

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“…In Australia, only a handful of published studies have investigated offending trajectories using either SPGM or latent class analysis (LCA) (Marshall, 2006;Fitzgerald et al, 2012;Livingston et al, 2008). Marshall (2006) applied the SPGM to a single birth cohort of offenders in South Australia (those born in 1984) and identified six distinct juvenile offending groups.…”

Section: Applications Of the Group-based Approach In Australiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing gender and ethnic differences in developmental trajectories of offending

Ferrante

2013

Australian & New Zealand Journal of Criminology

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Research on diversity in offending patterns is crucial given ongoing polemical debates concerning the relationship between gender, ethnicity and crime. Competing theoretical perspectives, limited supporting evidence and inconclusive or contradictory findings from prior research point to the need for more empiricallygrounded, generalizable research which compare and contrast offending patterns across and within gender and ethnic groups. The current study applies a semiparametric group-based modelling approach to a large, longitudinal dataset of offenders to determine if, and how, offending trajectories vary across gender and ethnic sub-groups. Findings suggest that some trajectory attributes (e.g. number and shape) are shared across gender/ethnic groups, while other trajectory attributes (height, peak age) are not. An exploratory investigation of the risk factors associated with trajectory group membership finds that few of the available factors discriminate between trajectories either within or across gender/ethnic offender groups. The findings fill a knowledge gap, particularly in relation to offending patterns in Australia. Invariance in trajectory risk factors present a challenge to taxonomic theories of offending.

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Exploring Sex Differences among Sentenced Juvenile Offenders in Australia

Cited by 22 publications

References 74 publications

Exploring Patterns of Offending by Juvenile Offenders in Australia: What Is the Evidence for a Specialist Violent Offender?

Exploring Patterns of Offending by Juvenile Offenders in Australia: What Is the Evidence for a Specialist Violent Offender?

Life Course Offending Pathways Across Gender and Race/Ethnicity

Assessing gender and ethnic differences in developmental trajectories of offending

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