Exploring smart construction objects as blockchain oracles in construction supply chain management

Lu, Weisheng; Li, Xiao; Xue, Fan; Zhao, Rui; Wu, Liupengfei; Yeh, Ago

doi:10.1016/j.autcon.2021.103816

Cited by 108 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…These unique properties were the reasons why this technology became very appealing in a variety of business areas and attracted the interest of the global industry, such as banking, smart contracts, supply chains, health care, Internet of Things (IOT), and reputation systems. Businesses have been severely disrupted by blockchain technology and deployed to replace traditional business processes [20], [1], [3], [12]. [1] This article has been accepted for publication in IEEE Access.…”

Section: A Blockchain Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“… Outbound Oracles: push data from smart contract to the external world. Moreover, Lu et al [3] added a fourth classification which is the design pattern: request-response, publishsubscribe and immediate-read. Finally, Ahmad et al [12] referred to Consensus-based Oracles as a type in which data fed to blockchains is based on the consensus carried between all Oracles participating in the query.…”

Section: Oraclesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, no trusted authority was required for non-trusting members to communicate in a verifiable manner. Consequently, a blockchain can be viewed as a trusted, decentralized architecture that integrates distributed ledgers, cryptography, and consensus protocols [1], [2], [3]. Blockchain technology has evolved rapidly.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Blockchain Oracles: State-of-the-Art and Research Directions

2022

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Blockchain interoperability is an innovative feature of blockchain technology that is rapidly gaining momentum in various fields. The mass adoption of enterprise blockchains has not yet been achieved because blockchain networks act as isolated islands that cannot connect or exchange assets and/or information. In addition, the invocation of smart contracts is restricted only to on-chain executions because of the lack of connectivity between the blockchains. This survey paper aims to conduct a comprehensive and thorough literature review regarding blockchain interoperability, with special highlight on blockchain Oracles being state-of-the-art. Oracles have shown potential as an emerging technology that has revolutionized the blockchain ecosystem by acting as agents that fetch external information into the blockchain ecosystem. A detailed comparative discussion of different blockchain interoperability techniques is presented, showing the strengths and weaknesses of each technique. Being overlooked in the literature, the shortcomings of these techniques in comparison to Oracles are identified, addressing how Oracles have succeeded in overcoming many of these limitations. In addition, the literature lacks a focus on the latest market solutions adopting blockchain Oracles, and only a few studies have considered them in detail. This gap has been addressed through an in-depth assessment of the latest market solutions adopting Oracles in the past few years. Finally, design issues trying to achieve the best practices of Oracles, future directions, and identified research gaps are highlighted. .

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Section: A Blockchain Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Oraclesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Blockchain Oracles: State-of-the-Art and Research Directions

2022

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“…As for the supply chain & traceability field, the works seem heterogeneous, although six entries are retrieved. Construction and food supply chain is investigated as well as the traceability of vehicles and covid-19 infections [82]- [84]. Covid-19 traceability is the only application with two contributions, but they are both from the same institution [85], [86].…”

Section: Oracle Appliedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Who Is Contributing to Academic Research on Blockchain Oracles? A Bibliometric Analysis

Caldarelli¹

2021

Preprint

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With the advent of smart contracts, the benefits of decentralization offered by distributed ledger technologies could be implemented in sectors other than cryptocurrencies, such as Healthcare, Supply Chain, and Finance. Smart contracts, however, need oracles to fetch data from the real world, which, on the other hand, do not offer the same characteristics of decentralization as blockchain. Despite their importance, research on oracles is still in its infancy, and academic contribution on the subject is scarce and sporadic. With a bibliometric analysis, this study aims to shed light on the institutions and authors that are actively contributing to the oracle literature with the aim of promoting progress and cooperation. The study shows that although there is still a lack of collaboration worldwide, there are authors and institutions working in similar directions. On the other hand, it can be observed that most of the areas of research are poorly addressed while others are even uncovered.

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“…Therefore, blockchain oracles would provide the necessary data to trigger the smart contract when the original terms of the contract are met. Oracles enable developers to conclude powerful smart contracts that open the blockchain ecosystem to the centralized world and invite it to participate [29]. However, relying on a centralized source of data as an input or trigger for decentralized smart contracts nullifies the purpose of utilizing blockchain technology and represents what is known as "the Blockchain Oracle Problem" [30,31].…”

Section: Nodes Validate the Transactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Blockchain in Improving the Processes and Workflows in Construction Projects

et al. 2021

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Construction is prone to disputes similar to other business dealings. Construction delays are the most common causes of disputes in construction projects. Most of the time, construction projects are delayed not only because of a lack of funding, but also because of disputes between the contractor and the client. Blockchain Technologies (BCT) have the potential to make the construction industry more efficient, inexpensive, or completely automated. In this paper, an extensive literature review is conducted to locate authoritative sources about the most common applications of blockchain technology in the construction industry. The study aims to identify the potential, benefits, challenges, and uses of blockchain in the construction industry. Furthermore, this paper explores the roles of BCTs in improving and enhancing the workflow efficiency of construction projects. In addition, this paper identifies the major causes of disputes and delays in the construction industry. These causes were used as the baseline for identifying the most relevant solutions provided by blockchain technologies to develop a matching model to find applicable solutions from the literature cases to resolve the identified causes of disputes and delays. The research findings indicated that the common cases of BCT including administrative purposes, smart contracts for transactions, permanent transaction records, and permanent ownership records contribute to solving the causes of disputes and delays in construction projects. The findings of this paper recommend that both public and private stakeholders in the construction sector adopt blockchain technologies and blockchain-based Building Information Models (BIMs) to improve construction workflows and processes.

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Exploring smart construction objects as blockchain oracles in construction supply chain management

Cited by 108 publications

References 58 publications

Blockchain Oracles: State-of-the-Art and Research Directions

Blockchain Oracles: State-of-the-Art and Research Directions

Who Is Contributing to Academic Research on Blockchain Oracles? A Bibliometric Analysis

The Role of Blockchain in Improving the Processes and Workflows in Construction Projects

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