Exploring the AMOC Connectivity Between the RAPID and OSNAP Lines With a Model‐Based Data Set

Han, Lei

doi:10.1029/2023gl105225

Geophysical Research Letters

2023

DOI: 10.1029/2023gl105225

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Exploring the AMOC Connectivity Between the RAPID and OSNAP Lines With a Model‐Based Data Set

Lei Han

Abstract: Two major trans‐basin mooring arrays, the Rapid Climate Change‐Meridional Overturning Circulation and Heatflux Array (RAPID) at 26.5°N since 2004 and the Overturning in the Subpolar North Atlantic Program (OSNAP) situated at 53°–60°N since 2014, have been continuously monitoring the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC). This study explores the connectivity of AMOC across these two mooring lines from a novel adiabatic perspective utilizing a model‐based data set. The findings unveil significant in… Show more

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2024

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Cited by 3 publications

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Water Mass Transformation and Its Relationship With the Overturning Circulation in the Eastern Subpolar North Atlantic

Fu,

Lozier,

Majumder

et al. 2024

JGR Oceans

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A recent study using the first 21 months of the OSNAP time series revealed that the export of dense waters in the eastern subpolar North Atlantic―as part of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (MOC)―can be almost wholly attributed to surface‐forced water mass transformation (SFWMT) in the Irminger and Iceland basins, thus suggesting a minor role for other means of transformation, such as diapycnal mixing. To understand whether this result is valid over a period that exceeds the current observational record, we use four different ocean reanalysis products to investigate the relationship between surface buoyancy forcing and dense water production in this region. We also reexplore this relationship with the now available 6‐year OSNAP time series. Our analysis finds that although surface transformation in the eastern subpolar gyre dominates the production of deep waters, mixing processes downstream of the Greenland Scotland Ridge are also responsible for the production of waters carried within the AMOC's lower limb both in the observations and reanalyses. Further analysis of the reanalyses shows that SFWMT partly explains MOC interannual variability, the remaining portion can be attributed to basin storage and mixing. Compared to the observations, the reanalyses exhibit stronger MOC variance but comparable SFWMT variance on interannual timescales.

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Water Mass Transformation and Its Relationship With the Overturning Circulation in the Eastern Subpolar North Atlantic

Fu,

Lozier,

Majumder

et al. 2024

JGR Oceans

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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Decadal Relationship Between Arctic SAT and AMOC Changes Modulated by the North Pacific Oscillation

Zhao,

Lin,

Liu

et al. 2024

JGR Atmospheres

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The faster warming for Arctic Ocean surface air temperature (SAT) relative to that at lower latitude is connected with various processes, including local radiation feedback, poleward oceanic and atmospheric heat transport. It is unclear how combinations of different low‐frequency internal climate modes influence Arctic amplification on the decadal timescale. Here, the decadal Arctic SAT variation, its connection with the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) and possible underlying mechanisms, are investigated based on several independent observational proxies, pre‐industrial experiments, and historical large ensembles of two CMIP6 models. Our study suggests that AMOC and Arctic SAT vary in phase on the decadal timescale, whereas this relationship is insignificant at the interannual timescale. Further analysis shows that the AMOC accompanied with cross‐basin oceanic water/heat transport between Atlantic and Arctic would alter air–sea interface exchange over the melting ice regions, and then amplified poleward atmospheric heat and moisture transports. The resulting enhanced downward longwave radiation ultimately warms the Arctic SAT. Additionally, the decadal‐scale North Pacific Oscillation (NPO) can modulate the relationship between AMOC and Arctic SAT by influencing poleward moisture transport and cross‐basin circulation. Specifically, the phase shift of combined NPO and AMOC can contribute 14%–41% covariance relationship between AMOC and Arctic SAT. Our study provides potential sources for predicting the Arctic climate and constraining its uncertainty in future projections.

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Observed change and the extent of coherence in the Gulf Stream system

Asbjørnsen,

Eldevik,

Skrefsrud

et al. 2024

Ocean Sci.

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Abstract. By transporting warm and salty water poleward, the Gulf Stream system maintains a mild climate in northwestern Europe while also facilitating the dense water formation that feeds the deep ocean. The sensitivity of North Atlantic circulation to future greenhouse gas emissions seen in climate models has prompted an increasing effort to monitor the various ocean circulation components in recent decades. Here, we synthesize available ocean transport measurements from several observational programs in the North Atlantic and Nordic Seas, as well as an ocean state estimate (ECCOv4-r4), for an enhanced understanding of the Gulf Stream and its poleward extensions as an interconnected circulation system. We see limited coherent variability between the records on interannual timescales, highlighting the local oceanic response to atmospheric circulation patterns and variable recirculation timescales within the gyres. On decadal timescales, we find a weakening subtropical circulation between the mid-2000s and mid-2010s, while the inflow and circulation in the Nordic Seas remained stable. Differing decadal trends in the subtropics, subpolar North Atlantic, and Nordic Seas warrant caution in using observational records at a single latitude to infer large-scale circulation change.

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Exploring the AMOC Connectivity Between the RAPID and OSNAP Lines With a Model‐Based Data Set

Cited by 3 publications

References 57 publications

Water Mass Transformation and Its Relationship With the Overturning Circulation in the Eastern Subpolar North Atlantic

Water Mass Transformation and Its Relationship With the Overturning Circulation in the Eastern Subpolar North Atlantic

Decadal Relationship Between Arctic SAT and AMOC Changes Modulated by the North Pacific Oscillation

Observed change and the extent of coherence in the Gulf Stream system

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