Exploring the Biofilm Formation Capacity in S. pseudintermedius and Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci Species

Abstract

The ability of biofilm formation seems to play an important role in the virulence of staphylococci. However, studies reporting biofilm formation of coagulase-negative staphylococci isolated from animals are still very scarce. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the biofilm-forming capacity of CoNS and S. pseudintermedius isolated from several animal species and to investigate the effect of conventional antimicrobials on biofilm reduction. A total of 35 S. pseudintermedius and 192 CoNS were included. Biofilm formation was accessed by the microtiter plate assay and the biofilms were stained by crystal violet. Association between biofilm formation and staphylococci species and antimicrobial resistance was also performed. Biofilm susceptibility testing was performed with tetracycline and amikacin at the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and 10 × MIC. The metabolic activity of the biofilm cells after antimicrobial treatment was accessed by the XTT assay. All isolates formed biofilm, with S. urealyticus producing the most biofilm biomass and S. pseudintermedius producing the least biomass. There was a positive association between biofilm formation and multidrug resistance as well as resistance to individual antimicrobials. Neither tetracycline nor amikacin were able to eradicate the biofilm, not even at the highest concentration used. This study provides new insights into biofilm formation and the effects of antimicrobials on CoNS species.

Biofilm-forming ability and methicillin resistance among Staphylococci isolated from various surfaces in community settings

“…These results are consistent with other studies that did not show association between antimicrobial resistance and the biofilm-forming capacity of staphylococci (Singhai et al, 2012, Cabrera-Contreras et al, 2013Chon et al, 2020;Tahaei et al, 2021). Contrary to these researches, there are other studies that find the association between antibiotic resistance and the biofilm-forming ability of staphylococci (Jimi et al, 2017;Sun et al, 2018;Shah et al, 2019;Silva et al, 2022). It is possible that the species of staphylococci and antibiotics included in the tests may affect the results of the research.…”

“…Staphylococci are common colonizer of human skin and mucous surfaces. The ability of biofilm formation seems to play an important role in the virulence of staphylococci (Silva et al, 2022). Staphylococcus aureus and S. epidermidis are opportunistic pathogens and one of the major causes of hospital-acquired infections (Kranjec at al., 2021) and infections on indwelling medical devices, which characteristically involve biofilms (Otto, 2008).…”

Non-aureus staphylococci and mammaliicocci as a cause of mastitis in domestic ruminants: current knowledge, advances, biomedical applications, and future perspectives – a systematic review

“…Overall, more NASM isolates are identified in used bedding than in unused bedding (Adkins et al 2022 ). Some species also produce a biofilm that allows NASM to persist on the milking equipment as well as on the milker’s hands, which is important for the spread of this genus (Pedersen et al 2021 ; Silva et al 2022 ) (Fig. 2 ).…”

“…Biofilms are communities of microorganisms, which are bacteria that live naturally and preferentially as communities adhered to an inert surface or in living tissues. Once adhered, the bacterial cells establish and organize themselves within a self-produced extracellular polymeric substance to form a matrix that protects against environmental threats, thus providing an extremely effective survival strategy (Bowler et al 2020 ; Kranjec et al 2021 ; Silva et al 2022 ).…”

Unveiling antibiotic resistance, clonal diversity, and biofilm formation in E. coli for safer pork production

“…Then, excess CV solution was removed by washing the plates twice with distilled water. To dissolve CV, 100 µL of 33% (v/v) acetic acid was added, and the absorbance was measured at 570 nm using a microplate reader (Bio Tek elX808U, Winooski, VT, USA) (Silva et al 2022). For each isolate under study, bio lm formation results were presented as a percentage of the results obtained for the reference strain.…”