Exploring the determinants of ecological efficiency in selected emerging economies using pooled mean group estimator

Renewable energy and ecological footprint nexus: Evidence from dynamic panel threshold technique

“…Moreover, population density poses significant environmental challenges in developing countries. Enriching the literature on this topic, studies by Hussain et al [ 48 ], Sharma et al [ 17 ], and Nadee et al [ 156 ] emphasize the impact of population density on ecological footprints. Utilizing population density as a threshold variable, we demonstrate that reducing population density below a certain threshold level, such as 263 people per square kilometer of land area, enhances the efficacy of renewable energy consumption in reducing ecological footprints ( Table 5 , Table 6 ; models 4 and 4a).…”