Exploring the Effects of Different Types of Surfactants on Zebrafish Embryos and Larvae

Abstract

Currently, surfactants are widely distributed in the environment. As organic pollutants, their toxicities have drawn extensive attention. In this study, the effects of anionic [sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) ], cationic [dodecyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride (1227)] and non-ionic [fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether (AEO) ] surfactants on zebrafish larval behaviour were evaluated. Five behavioural parameters were recorded using a larval rest/wake assay, including rest total, number of rest bouts, rest bouts length, total activity and waking activity. The results revealed that 1227 and AEO at 1 μg/mL were toxic to larval locomotor activity and that SDS had no significant effects. Moreover, we tested the toxicities of the three surfactants in developing zebrafish embryos. AEO exposure resulted in smaller head size, smaller eye size and shorter body length relative to SDS and 1227. All three surfactants incurred concentration-dependent responses. Furthermore, in situ hybridisation indicated that smaller head size may be associated with a decreased expression of krox20. The altered expression of ntl demonstrated that the developmental retardation stemmed from inhibited cell migration and growth. These findings provide references for ecotoxicological assessments of different types of surfactants, and play a warning role in the application of surfactants.

Transcriptome profiling analysis of sex-based differentially expressed mRNAs and lncRNAs in the brains of mature zebrafish (Danio rerio)

“…Therefore, we speculated that they should also be similar in both male and female brains. Available evidence showed that many genes in the list of 108 sex-based genes we obtained in this study involves in neural circuit or brain development, e.g., egr2b (early growth response 2b, also known as KROX20) [24], mych (myelocytomatosis oncogene homolog) [25], and hrh3 (histamine receptor H3) [26]. In addition, we found that some genes play a similar role in the brain of zebrafish and humans.…”

Alcohol exposure leads to unrecoverable cardiovascular defects along with edema and motor function changes in developing zebrafish larvae

“…Digoxigenin-labeled probes (for cmlc2 , amhc and vmhc ) and whole-mount in situ hybridization were performed as previously described (Wang et al, 2015). …”

Genome-wide identification for genes involved in sodium dodecyl sulfate toxicity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

“…One of the synthetic anionic surfactants, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), or sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS), a product that consists of approximately 70% sodium dodecyl sulfate and 30% sodium tetradecyl sulfate, with the formula of CH3(CH2) 11 OSO 3 Na, has been used in many cleaning and hygiene products such as liquid soaps, shampoos, bubble baths, shower gels, and nearly all toothpastes. SDS is also used in pharmaceutical and food products, as well as in industiral and laboratory applications, i.e., SDS can form complexes with protein through hydrophobic interactions and thus be used in polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to determine the molecular weight of proteins [1,2]. The concentration of SDS found in consumer products varies by product and manufacturer but typically ranges from 0.01 to 50% in cosmetic products and 1 to 30% in cleaning products [3].…”