Exploring the effects of ownership and choice on self-memory biases

Cunningham, Sheila J.; Bos, Mirjam Brady-Van den; Turk, David J.

doi:10.1080/09658211.2011.584388

Cited by 56 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 57 publications

(79 reference statements)

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“…For example, researchers have reported that subjects had better recall performance for the nouns associating with self-generated names than for nouns linked to names generated by others (47). Others have also shown that, after decision about self-or other-ownership during stimulus encoding, subjects showed better memory for self-related objects compared with those related to other people (26,27). Our results extend the selfassociation benefit to the perceptual domain.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

“…An additional intriguing aspect of "the social self" is the reliance on ownership relations with the environment (25) and the flexibility by which the self "expands" within the environment through acquired associations (26,27). Cunningham et al demonstrated that randomly assigned shopping products as belonging to the self ("mine") versus to another (e.g., "Alex's") increased both the ability of participants to remember and the preferential value of products link with the self (26).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Coupling social attention to the self forms a network for personal significance

Sui

Rotshtein

Humphreys

2013

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

201

232

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Prior social psychological studies show that newly assigned personal significance can modulate high-level cognitive processes, e.g., memory and social evaluation, with self-and other-related information processed in dissociated prefrontal structure: ventral vs. dorsal, respectively. Here, we demonstrate the impact of personal significance on perception and show the neural network that supports this effect. We used an associative learning procedure in which we "tag" a neutral shape with a self-relevant label. Participants were instructed to associate three neutral shapes with labels for themselves, their best friend, or an unfamiliar other. Functional magnetic resonance imaging data were acquired while participants judged whether the shape-label pairs were maintained or swapped. Behaviorally, participants rapidly tagged a neutral stimulus with self-relevance, showing a robust advantage for self-tagged stimuli. Self-tagging responses were associated with enhanced activity in brain regions linked to self-representation [the ventral medial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC)] and to sensory-driven regions associated with social attention [the left posterior superior temporal sulcus (LpSTS)]. In contrast, associations formed with other people recruited a dorsal frontoparietal control network, with the two networks being inversely correlated. Responses in the vmPFC and LpSTS predicted behavioral self-bias effects. Effective connectivity analyses showed that the vmPFC and the LpSTS were functionally coupled, with the strength of coupling associated with behavioral self-biases. The data show that assignment of personal social significance affects perceptual matching by coupling internal self-representations to brain regions modulating attentional responses to external stimuli.H umans have the inherent ability to rapidly learn the social salience of a stimulus enhancing survival. There are a considerable number of studies on the effect of self-association in social psychology that have shown that there is enhanced importance assigned to self-associated objects (1), increased preference (2, 3), and stronger memory (4, 5). For example, by assigning participants to a specific team associated with specific symbols, participants typically rapidly orient their attention and prioritize the subsequent processing toward self-associated team members when asked to make social evaluations and allocate rewards (2, 3). These effects are not confined to high-level cognitive processes, however, Sui et al. recently demonstrated that self-associations with neutral geometrical shapes can rapidly alter perception (6), so that self-associated shapes are less affected by contrast reduction than shapes associated to other people. How this rapid perceptual effect of self-tagging emerges was investigated here.In the past decade, there has been an increased interest in the neural mechanism that support self-related processing (7-14) and, in parallel, research that focuses on the way we process information about others (15)(16)(17)(18)(19). The work has rev...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Coupling social attention to the self forms a network for personal significance

Sui

Rotshtein

Humphreys

2013

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

201

232

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“…Illustrating the relationship between self and agency, Cunningham et al (2011) engaged participants in an ownership task in which they were able to view and choose objects for themselves or others. Personal choice elicited a greater memory bias for self-owned objects than when ownership was assigned by the experimenter.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The memory advantage associated with selfreferencing is known as the 'self-reference effect' (SRE). The SRE can be elicited through surprisingly simple self-item associations, for example by presenting to-beremembered information simultaneously with the participant's own name or face , by assigning items to self through temporary ownership (Cunningham, Turk, MacDonald, & Macrae, 2008) or through self-choice (Cunningham, van den Bos, & Turk, 2011). Several studies have also demonstrated robust SREs in early and middle childhood (Cunningham, Brebner, Quinn, & Turk, 2014;Cunningham Vergunst, Macrae, & Turk, 2013;Ross, Anderson, & Campbell, 2011;Sui & Zhu, 2005).…”

Section: The Self and Memorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Selfish learning: The impact of self-referential encoding on children's literacy attainment

Turk

Gillespie‐Smith

Krigolson

et al. 2015

Learning and Instruction

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This is the accepted version of the paper.This version of the publication may differ from the final published version. (vocabulary spelling) was tested in two experiments. In Experiment 1, seven-to nineyear-old children (N = 47) were asked to learn the spelling of four nonsense words by copying the vocabulary and generating sentences. Half of the children were asked to include themselves as a subject in each sentence. Results showed that children in this self-referent condition produced longer sentences and increased spelling accuracy by more than 20%, relative to those in an other-referent condition. Experiment 2 (N = 32) replicated this pattern in real-word learning. These findings demonstrate the significant potential advantages of utilizing self-referential encoding in the classroom. Permanent repository link

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“…Specifically, Cunningham, Brady-van den Bos, and Turk (2011) found that items that were identified as belonging to "self" exhibited a memory advantage during recall over those that were identified as belonging to another, even when the sense of ownership was artificial and illusory in nature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

We are More Selfish than We Think: The Endowment Effect and Reward Processing within the Human Medial-Frontal Cortex

Hassall

Silver

Turk

et al. 2016

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology

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(2016). We are more selfish than we think: The endowment effect and reward processing within the human medial-frontal cortex. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 69(9), 1676 -1686 . DOI: 10.1080 /17470218.2015 University of Bristol -Explore Bristol Research General rightsThis document is made available in accordance with publisher policies. Please cite only the published version using the reference above. Full terms of use are available: http://www.bristol.ac.uk/pure/about/ebr-terms OWNERSHIP AND VALUE AbstractPerceived ownership has been shown to impact a variety of cognitive processes: attention, memory, and -more recently -reward processing. In the present experiment we examined whether or not perceived ownership would interact with the construct of value -the relative worth of an object. Participants completed a simple gambling game in which they either gambled for themselves or for another while electroencephalographic data were recorded. In a key manipulation, gambles for oneself or for another were for either small or large rewards. We tested the hypothesis that value affects the neural response to self-gamble outcomes, but not other-gamble outcomes. Our experimental data revealed that while participants learned the correct response option for both self and other gambles, the reward positivity evoked by wins was impacted by value only when gambling for oneself. Importantly, our findings provide additional evidence for a self-ownership bias in cognitive processing, and further demonstrate the insensitivity of the medial-frontal reward system to gambles for another.OWNERSHIP AND VALUE

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Exploring the effects of ownership and choice on self-memory biases

Cited by 56 publications

References 57 publications

Coupling social attention to the self forms a network for personal significance

Coupling social attention to the self forms a network for personal significance

Selfish learning: The impact of self-referential encoding on children's literacy attainment

We are More Selfish than We Think: The Endowment Effect and Reward Processing within the Human Medial-Frontal Cortex

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