Exploring the efficiency limiting parameters trade-off at rear surface in passivated emitter rear contact (PERC) silicon solar cells

Sharma, A. K.; Mitra, Suchismita; Behera, Siddharth; Basu, Prabir K.

doi:10.1016/j.solmat.2021.111338

Cited by 10 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…This can be explained by the fact that the H 2 SO 4 -containing HF–HNO 3 -based solutions are highly reactive toward silicon because the addition of H 2 SO 4 promotes the formation of nitronium ions NO 2 + . Recently, alkaline polishing based on KOH/additive/DIW has been rapidly developed in the photovoltaic industry due to the ability to obtain a flatter rear surface compared to acidic polishing and being more environmentally friendly . As a comparison, the rear surfaces of the last group of wafers were treated with alkaline polishing (labeled as group F) to obtain an almost flat surface, as shown in Figure f.…”

Section: Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improvement of Light Trapping in Bifacial PERC Silicon Solar Cells by Optimizing the Rear Surface Morphology

Ding

Zou

Shen³

et al. 2022

ACS Appl. Energy Mater.

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Currently, a bifacial passivated emitter and rear cell (bi-PERC) is the mainstream solar cell technology in the photovoltaic industry. In this paper, we studied the influence of rear pyramid morphologies with different slope angles on the overall optical and electrical properties of bi-PERC solar cells. With the help of simulations, we first obtained a macro understanding of the influence of rear surface morphologies on the absorbed and lost photon current density of bi-PERC solar cells. In practice, both the optical and passivation properties of solar cells were affected by the rear surface morphology. A smoother rear surface was proven to be favorable for rear passivation and unfavorable for rear-side light trapping. Rear surface morphologies also contributed to back-reflection and back-scattering effects that influenced the front-side light trapping. Consequently, the highest front-side average efficiency of 22.86%, with an average bifaciality factor of 76.02%, was achieved for the bi-PERC solar cells using a modified acidic polishing process. Furthermore, the calculated equivalent bifacial efficiency showed that a maximum value of 29.82% could be obtained at an albedo value of 40%. Finally, we further evaluated the optical performances of the corresponding single-cell modules.

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Section: Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improvement of Light Trapping in Bifacial PERC Silicon Solar Cells by Optimizing the Rear Surface Morphology

Ding

Zou

Shen³

et al. 2022

ACS Appl. Energy Mater.

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“…In this process, the monocrystalline silicon (mono‐Si) wafer is usually etched by ~8.0 μm after the traditional double‐sided alkaline texturing step and then etched by ~5.0 μm in the rear acidic polishing step after POCl 3 diffusion and laser doping, and ~13.0 μm of wafer is removed in total. To further improve polishing flatness, lower process costs, and reduce emissions of nitrogen oxide (NO x ) that is difficult to dispose of, an alkaline polishing process has been developed rapidly instead of the acidic polishing process in recent years 16 . In this approach, batch‐type alkaline polishing is usually carried out after POCl 3 diffusion and laser doping.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To further improve polishing flatness, lower process costs, and reduce emissions of nitrogen oxide (NO x ) that is difficult to dispose of, an alkaline polishing process has been developed rapidly instead of the acidic polishing process in recent years. 16 In this approach, batchtype alkaline polishing is usually carried out after POCl 3 diffusion and laser doping. Prior to polishing, a thermal oxidation treatment is usually applied to the front surface to protect the laser-doped region, followed by the removal of the rear wrapped PSG layer by using an in-line HF process with water film protection at the front surface.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A solid strategy to realize heteroface selective emitter and rear passivated silicon solar cells

Zou

Ding

et al. 2022

Progress in Photovoltaics

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Passivated emitter and rear cell (PERC) with laser‐doped selective emitter (SE) has become mainstream in the PV industry. In this work, we report a solid strategy to realize heteroface monocrystalline silicon (mono‐Si) wafers for PERC‐SE solar cells by employing alkaline polishing to form a polished surface for the rear side and well‐established metal‐catalyzed chemical etching to form a honeycomb texture for the front side in one wet process successively. The key to success lies in the fact that the two back‐to‐back wafers inserted into one slot in the cassette are tightly attached together in MCCE etching so that only the exposed surfaces are etched to form textures, while the rear polished surfaces are still retained to avoid wrap‐around etching. With the strategy, the mono‐Si PERC‐SE solar cells achieve an average efficiency of over 22.0%, no poorer than that of the reference system (traditional alkaline texturing and rear acidic polishing), and have good light trapping capability for oblique incident light. Moreover, the total Si removal in the novel process is only ~0.4 g, which is far less than that in the traditional process. More importantly, the strategy can also double the throughput of existing texturing processes and significantly reduce the amount of etching waste. Therefore, the work is expected to provide a promising way to mass produce efficient mono‐Si PERC‐SE solar cells with a superior rear surface, achieved without increasing the number of processing steps, and lower cost.

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“…The application of passivation technology can not only improve the passivation quality of the backside but also ensure a high open circuit voltage (V oc ) and short circuit current (I sc ), thus ensuring a high conversion efficiency of the solar cells 1 . In 2019, the efficiency of PERC cells produced by LONGi Solar reached 24.06%, 2,3 which is 2% points higher than the average cell efficiency of the solar cell industry. In the same year, the production capacity of PERC cells accounted for nearly 70% of the production capacity of solar cells 4,5 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on the effect of finger fracture characteristics on the performance of crystalline silicon solar cell

Yang

et al. 2022

Intl J of Energy Research

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SUMMARY In this study, we established the relationship between the finger fracture position, finger fracture size and series resistance, and systematically analyzed the influence of the characteristics of finger fracture. Based on the carrier transport modes of the finger fracture, we distinguished the types of finger fracture, viz the area A‐type and the area B‐type and characteristic of finger fracture. The results showed that the closer the finger fracture was to the busbar, the greater the impact on the solar cell was for area A‐type finger fractures. The size of the finger fracture had no effect on the performance of the solar cell. The area B‐type finger fracture differed from the area A‐type finger fracture. The larger the finger fracture size was, the greater the drop in the solar cell power became. However, the position of the area B‐type finger fracture had no effect on the power of the solar cell. The contributions of four characteristics of finger fractures (total number of finger fractures, number of finger fracture groups, sizes of finger fractures, and positions of finger fractures) on the losses of the solar cells were 74.20%, 25.55%, 0.15%, and 0.10%, respectively. Revealing that the relationship between the finger fracture characteristics and the solar cell not only enables the calculation of the impact of a single factor of a finger fracture on a solar cell but also allows the design of the fingers of the solar cell to be improved based on the calculation results. Highlights According to the different carrier transport modes, the finger fracture types were distinguished, namely the area A‐type and the area B‐type. The influence of the finger fracture type (the area A‐type and the area B‐type) on the power of photovoltaic modules was studied. The contributions of four characteristics of finger fractures (total number of finger fractures, number of finger fracture groups, sizes of finger fractures, and positions of finger fractures) on the losses of the solar cells were 74.20%, 25.55%, 0.15%, and 0.10%, respectively.

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Exploring the efficiency limiting parameters trade-off at rear surface in passivated emitter rear contact (PERC) silicon solar cells

Cited by 10 publications

References 32 publications

Improvement of Light Trapping in Bifacial PERC Silicon Solar Cells by Optimizing the Rear Surface Morphology

Improvement of Light Trapping in Bifacial PERC Silicon Solar Cells by Optimizing the Rear Surface Morphology

A solid strategy to realize heteroface selective emitter and rear passivated silicon solar cells

Study on the effect of finger fracture characteristics on the performance of crystalline silicon solar cell

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