Exploring the feasibility of proactive reputations

Swamynathan, Gayatri; Zhao, Ben Y.; Almeroth, Kevin C.

doi:10.1002/cpe.1186

Cited by 18 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…In contrast, approaches like proactive (Swamynathan et al, 2008) and local (Liu et al, 2007) reputation do not depend on ratings from third parties. Instead, they provide various means for a peer to evaluate the trustworthiness of a target peer directly, hence they are inherently immune to bad-mouthing or collusion attacks.…”

Section: Reputation Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design issues for Peer-to-Peer Massively Multiplayer Online Games

Lü

Trinder

Taylor

2010

IJAMC

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Massively Multiplayer Online Games (MMOGs) are increasing in both popularity and scale, and while classical Client/Server (C/S) architectures convey some benefits, they suffer from significant technical and commercial drawbacks. This realisation has sparked intensive research interest in adapting MMOGs to Peer-to-Peer (P2P) architectures. This paper articulates a comprehensive set of six design issues to be addressed by P2P MMOGs, namely Interest Management (IM), game event dissemination, Non-Player Character (NPC) host allocation, game state persistency, cheating mitigation and incentive mechanisms. Design alternatives for each issue are systematically compared, and their interrelationships discussed. We further evaluate how well representative P2P MMOG architectures fulfil the design criteria.

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Section: Reputation Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design issues for Peer-to-Peer Massively Multiplayer Online Games

Lü

Trinder

Taylor

2010

IJAMC

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“…(c) Management of the cheating problem among the peers [27,31]. (d) Applying incentive mechanisms that promote the participation of peers and avoid freeriders [21,34].…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distributing game instances in a hybrid client-server/P2P system to support MMORPG playability

Barri

Roig

Giné

2014

Multimed Tools Appl

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MMORPG (Massively Multiplayer Online Role Playing Games) is the most popular genre among network gamers, and now attract millions of users, who play simultaneously in an evolving virtual world. This huge number of concurrent players requires the availability of high performance computation servers. Additionally, gaming aware distribution mechanisms are needed to distribute game instances among servers to avoid load imbalances that affect performance negatively. In this work, we tackle the problem of game distribution and scalability by means of a hybrid Client-Server/P2P architecture that can scale dynamically according to the demand. To manage peak loads that occur during the game, we distribute game computation across the system according to the behavior of MMORPGs. We distinguish between the computation associated with the Main Game, that affects all players, and the computation of Auxiliary Games that affects only a few players and acts in isolation from the execution of the Main Game. Taking this distinction into account, we propose a mechanism that is focused in the distribution of Auxiliary Games, as an entity, across the pool of servers and peers of the underlying hybrid architecture. We evaluate the performance of the balancing mechanism taking the criteria of latency and reliability into account, and we compare the effectiveness of the mechanism with a classic approach that applies load balancing to individually players in a Client-Server system. We show that the balancing mechanism based on the latency criteria provides lower latency Appl (2016Appl ( ) 75:2005Appl ( -2029 than the classical proposal, while in relation to reliability, we obtain a failure probability of under 0.9 % in the worst case, which is amply compensated by the scalability provided by the use of the P2P area.

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“…Using recent transactions with strangers, a peer estimates the probability of being cheated by the next stranger, and decides whether to trust the next stranger using that probability. Swamynathan et al explore proactive firsthand reputations as a solution to generate quick and reliable reputations for short-lived network peers [51]. We discuss this solution in greater detail in Sects.…”

Section: Dishonest Raters and Dynamic Personalitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For such users, we describe the use of proactive reputations, a technique to obtain accurate, firsthand estimates of a user's reliability [51]. Our experimental evaluations demonstrate how these firsthand observations are resistant to both churn attacks and user collusion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The design of a reliable reputation system

Swamynathan

Almeroth

Zhao

2010

Electron Commer Res

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Next generation Web 2.0 communities and distributed P2P systems rely on the cooperation of diverse user populations spread across numerous administrative and security domains. Zero accountability via anonymous online identities and divergent interests result in selfish behavior that can disrupt or manipulate networks for personal gain. While "reputation systems" are recognized as a promising means to establish social control for such communities, developing reliable reputation systems remains a challenge. Several unaddressed threats still limit the effectiveness of reputation systems. Furthermore, most existing work on reputations has focused on accurate reputations for stable systems, but not examined the implications of integrating user reputations into scalable distributed infrastructures. The primary goal of this paper is to investigate and address the critical open challenges that limit the effectiveness of reputations. First, we identify a thorough taxonomy on reputation management, and use it as our framework to classify adversarial threats that compromise reliable operation of reputation systems. Second, we survey existing research to address these threats. Finally, we present our solutions to address the two leading reasons for erroneous and misleading values produced by reputation systems today, i.e., user collusion and short-lived online identities. We believe that this paper not only serves as an introduction to reputation systems design, but will also help researchers deploy reliable reputation solutions that contribute towards improving the performance of large distributed applications.

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Exploring the feasibility of proactive reputations

Cited by 18 publications

References 23 publications

Design issues for Peer-to-Peer Massively Multiplayer Online Games

Design issues for Peer-to-Peer Massively Multiplayer Online Games

Distributing game instances in a hybrid client-server/P2P system to support MMORPG playability

The design of a reliable reputation system

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