Exploring the Heterogeneity of Women’s Entrepreneurship: The Impact of Family Structure and Family Policies in Europe and the US

Tonoyan, Vartuhí; Budig, Michelle J.; Strohmeyer, Robert

doi:10.4337/9781849806633.00013

Cited by 14 publications

(23 citation statements)

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“…Further, a 22-country study found a direct relationship between family policies and women's self-employment: children, low levels of education, short school hours and maternity leaves without reasonable replacement wages predicted women's entry into nonprofessional self-employment. The effects were strongest in liberal countries with few policies to reconcile motherhood and work (Tonoyan et al, 2010).…”

Section: Two Countries With Different Welfare State Regimesmentioning

confidence: 97%

How policy positions women entrepreneurs: A comparative analysis of state discourse in Sweden and the United States

Ahl

Nelson

2015

Journal of Business Venturing

180

151

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Section: Two Countries With Different Welfare State Regimesmentioning

confidence: 97%

How policy positions women entrepreneurs: A comparative analysis of state discourse in Sweden and the United States

Ahl

Nelson

2015

Journal of Business Venturing

180

151

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…In studies throughout North America and Western Europe, mothers were found more likely to be in self-employment than women without dependent children (McManus, 2001;Simoes et al, 2016). More recent studies have confirmed these findings in Eastern Europe (Gerber, 2009;Róbert & Bukodi, 2009;Tonoyan et al, 2010), Asia (Yu & Su, 2009;Zhang & Pan, 2012), Africa (Heath, 2017) and Latin America (Campaña, Giménez-Nadal, & Molina, 2017;Pisani & Pagán, 2004).…”

Section: And Social Positionmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…A substantial share of self-employed workers earn low wages and lack entitlements to health care and social security in many countries, including the United States and China (Budig, 2006a;Kalleberg et al, 2000;Zhang & Pan, 2012). Proponents argue that self-employed women can be found in both types of self-employment, but that women whose self-employed status is due specifically to motherhood, will be found in the more precarious lower segment of the market (Budig, 2006a(Budig, , 2006bPatrick et al, 2016;Taniguchi, 2002;Tonoyan et al, 2010).…”

Section: The Disadvantaged Worker Thesismentioning

confidence: 99%

The short or long end of the stick? Mothers’ social position and self‐employment status from a comparative perspective

Besamusca

2020

Gender Work & Organization

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Women with dependent children have repeatedly been shown to be more likely to be self-employed than other women. The mumpreneurship thesis explains this motherhood effect as a preference-based strategy to meet both good worker and good mother norms. The disadvantaged worker thesis argues that mothers in weak labour market positions are pushed into self-employment because of work-family conflict. Exploring patterns of motherhood effects across 23 high-and middle-income countries, I argue that the mumpreneurship and disadvantaged worker theses should not be considered as conflicting hypotheses, but rather as addressing separate social position groups. I identify four clusters of countries where either one, both or neither of the two hypotheses can be confirmed. Country-level analyses indicate that more negative attitudes towards housewives are associated with larger motherhood premiums for women in high social positions, whereas higher enrolment and smaller classes in pre-primary education increase the motherhood premium for all groups.

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“…The authors typically rely on Esping‐Andersen's (, ) characterization of welfare state regimes as either conservative, liberal or social democratic/Nordic. In conservative welfare states with a strong male breadwinner norm, and in liberal welfare states that rely on the market for welfare services, lack of affordable childcare makes full‐time employment difficult; consequently, many women start a livelihood business to both secure an income and care for a family (Tonoyan, Budig, & Strohmeyer, ). But self‐employment does not offer all women the same opportunities.…”

Section: Theoretical Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Women's entrepreneurship, neoliberalism and economic justice in the postfeminist era: A discourse analysis of policy change in Sweden

Berglund

Ahl²,

Pettersson

et al. 2018

Gender Work & Organization

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Since the early 1990s, there has been investment in women's entrepreneurship policy (WEP) in Sweden, which continued until 2015. During the same period, Sweden assumed neoliberal policies that profoundly changed the position of women within the world of work and business. The goals for WEP changed as a result, from entrepreneurship as a way to create a more equal society, to the goal of unleashing women's entrepreneurial potential so they can contribute to economic growth. To better understand this shift we approach WEP as a neoliberal governmentality which offers women ‘entrepreneurial’ or ‘postfeminist’ subject positions. The analysis is inspired by political theorist Nancy Fraser who theorized the change as the displacement of socioeconomic redistribution in favour of cultural recognition, or identity politics. We use Fraser's concepts in a discourse analysis of Swedish WEP over two decades, identifying two distinct discourses and three discursive displacements. Whilst WEP initially gave precedence to a radical feminist discourse that called for women's collective action, this was replaced by a postfeminist neoliberal discourse that encouraged individual women to assume an entrepreneurial persona, start their own business, compete in the marketplace and contribute to economic growth. The result was the continued subordination of women business owners, but it also obscured or rendered structural problems/solutions, and collective feminist action, irrelevant.

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Exploring the Heterogeneity of Women’s Entrepreneurship: The Impact of Family Structure and Family Policies in Europe and the US

Cited by 14 publications

References 0 publications

How policy positions women entrepreneurs: A comparative analysis of state discourse in Sweden and the United States

How policy positions women entrepreneurs: A comparative analysis of state discourse in Sweden and the United States

The short or long end of the stick? Mothers’ social position and self‐employment status from a comparative perspective

Women's entrepreneurship, neoliberalism and economic justice in the postfeminist era: A discourse analysis of policy change in Sweden

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