Exploring the Impact of Mental Fatigue and Emotional Suppression on the Performance of High-Intensity Endurance Exercise

Schlichta, Clara; Cabral, Luana Loss; Silva, Caroline Kêmela da; Bigliassi, Marcelo; Pereira, Gléber

doi:10.1177/00315125221093898

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…A total of 50 effect sizes were selected for eligibility, but 4 were discarded because descriptive data were not reported and authors did not provide raw data upon request. 3 A total of 46 effect sizes from independent samples were included in the meta-analysis [ 23 , 24 , 61 – 98 ]. A disclosure table containing the list of 50 effects selected for eligibility, including those included in meta-analysis and the literature search output, can be found at https://osf.io/5zbyu/ .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the Evidential Value of Mental Fatigue and Exercise Research

Holgado,

Mesquida,

Román-Caballero

2023

Sports Med

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It has often been reported that mental exertion, presumably leading to mental fatigue, can negatively affect exercise performance; however, recent findings have questioned the strength of the effect. To further complicate this issue, an overlooked problem might be the presence of publication bias in studies using underpowered designs, which is known to inflate false positive report probability and effect size estimates. Altogether, the presence of bias is likely to reduce the evidential value of the published literature on this topic, although it is unknown to what extent. The purpose of the current work was to assess the evidential value of studies published to date on the effect of mental exertion on exercise performance by assessing the presence of publication bias and the observed statistical power achieved by these studies. A traditional meta-analysis revealed a Cohen’s dz effect size of − 0.54, 95% CI [− 0.68, − 0.40], p < .001. However, when we applied methods for estimating and correcting for publication bias (based on funnel plot asymmetry and observed p-values), we found that the bias-corrected effect size became negligible with most of publication-bias methods and decreased to − 0.36 in the more optimistic of all the scenarios. A robust Bayesian meta-analysis found strong evidence in favor of publication bias, BFpb > 1000, and inconclusive evidence in favor of the effect, adjusted dz = 0.01, 95% CrI [− 0.46, 0.37], BF10 = 0.90. Furthermore, the median observed statistical power assuming the unadjusted meta-analytic effect size (i.e., − 0.54) as the true effect size was 39% (min = 19%, max = 96%), indicating that, on average, these studies only had a 39% chance of observing a significant result if the true effect was Cohen’s dz = − 0.54. If the more optimistic adjusted effect size (− 0.36) was assumed as the true effect, the median statistical power was just 20%. We conclude that the current literature is a useful case study for illustrating the dangers of conducting underpowered studies to detect the effect size of interest.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the Evidential Value of Mental Fatigue and Exercise Research

Holgado,

Mesquida,

Román-Caballero

2023

Sports Med

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“…may condition, in general, these decreases in mood and the results of the test. In this sense, in the study by Schlichta et al [ 41 ], in which participants (young adults) were subjected to intense physical exercise (at 80% of their maximum power) until exhaustion under two different conditions (mental fatigue and suppression of emotions), they observed that, in relation to the control group, those who were subjected to some conditions during the test had difficulty with their exercise performance, there being, on the contrary, no statistically significant differences between the two conditions. In the same line, in the study of Van Cutsem [ 42 ], he pointed out that the duration and intensity of a physical task seem to be important factors in the decrease of physical performance due to mental fatigue, the latter being subscribed to a greater perceived effort.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Little but Intense: Using a HIIT-Based Strategy to Improve Mood and Cognitive Functioning in College Students

Martínez-Díaz

Páez

2023

Healthcare

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Looking for useful and motivational strategies for promoting healthy habits and improving cognitive functioning in young populations, the aim of the present study was to determine if a single bout of high-intensity interval exercise could stimulate mood and working memory in college students. A total of 25 male subjects (mean ± SD, age: 21.7 ± 2.1 years; height: 1.77 ± 0.06 m; weight: 72.6 ± 8.4 kg; body mass index: 23.1 ± 1.4 kg/m2; VO2peak: 47.1 ± 9.3 mL/kg/min) participated voluntarily in this study. Participants underwent a high-intensity interval exercise consisting of 10 × 1 min of cycling at VO2peak power output. The Profile of Mood States (POMS) questionnaire and Digit Span Test (DST) were administered at three assessment time points: (a) pre-intervention assessment, (b) post-intervention assessment, and (d) 30 min post-intervention. The mood states decreased significantly after exercise; however, a significant increase in mood was found after 30 min of recovery. A significant post-exercise increase in DST performance was observed; moreover, DST scores obtained 30 min after exercise remained higher than those assessed pre-exercise. In conclusion, a single bout of HIIT induces acute positive changes in mood states in male college students and seems to be a powerful stimulus for cognitive functioning.

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“…A visual analog scale (VAS) with 10 cm lines was employed to assess exercise-induced fatigue in this study. This method is relatively efficient in evaluating acute fatigue ( Schlichta et al, 2022 ). The questionnaire comprised five questions related to physical fatigue, cognitive fatigue, sleepiness, decreased thinking clarity, and attention, all of which were completed on a paper-based form.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychological changes in athletes infected with Omicron after return to training: fatigue, sleep, and mood

Tan

Wang

Cao

et al. 2023

PeerJ

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Background This study aims to analyze the changes of approximately 1 month in fatigue, sleep, and mood in athletes after returning to training following infection with the COVID-19 Omicron strain and provide recommendations for returning to training after infection. Methods Two hundred and thirty professional athletes who had returned to training after being infected with COVID-19 in December 2022 were recruited to participate in three tests conducted from early January 2023. The second test was completed approximately 1 week after the first, and the third was completed about 2 weeks after the second. Each test consisted of completing scales and the exercise-induced fatigue measure. The scales included a visual analog scale, the Athens Insomnia Scale for non-clinical application, and the Depression-Anxiety-Stress scale. The exercise task was a six-minute stair climb test, and athletes evaluated subjective fatigue levels before and after exercise using another Visual Analog Scale and the Karolinska Sleepiness Scale. Results After returning to training, athletes’ physical fatigue decreased initially but increased as training progressed. Cognitive fatigue did not change significantly. The exercise task led to elevated levels of physical fatigue after a longer duration of training. Sleep quality problems decreased rapidly after the start of training but remained stable with prolonged training. Depression levels continued to decline, while anxiety levels only reduced after a longer duration of training. Stress levels decreased rapidly after the start of training but did not change with prolonged training. Conclusion Athletes who return to training after recovering from COVID-19 experience positive effects on their fatigue, sleep, and mood. It is important to prioritize anxiety assessment and interventions during the short period after returning and to continue monitoring fatigue levels and implementing recovery interventions over a longer period of time.

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Exploring the Impact of Mental Fatigue and Emotional Suppression on the Performance of High-Intensity Endurance Exercise

Cited by 8 publications

References 62 publications

Assessing the Evidential Value of Mental Fatigue and Exercise Research

Assessing the Evidential Value of Mental Fatigue and Exercise Research

Little but Intense: Using a HIIT-Based Strategy to Improve Mood and Cognitive Functioning in College Students

Psychological changes in athletes infected with Omicron after return to training: fatigue, sleep, and mood

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