“…Studies of citation counts and citation networks have been limited to showing the existence and quantity of postretraction citations: How retracted papers were cited in the full-text articles was underexplored. Studies that explored full-text articles mainly focused on the acknowledgment of retraction shown in citation contexts ( Budd, Coble, & Abritis, 2016 ; Neale, Dailey, & Abrams, 2010 ; Piller, 2021 ; Schneider et al, 2020 ; Suelzer et al, 2019 ) and the tone (positive, negative, and neutral) of each context ( Bar-Ilan & Halevi, 2017 ; Hamilton, 2019 ; Theis-Mahon & Bakker, 2020 ; Yang, Qi, & Diao, 2020 ). Furthermore, to the best of our knowledge, Budd et al (2016) is the only study covering citation contexts of retracted papers at scale, but they only examined the acknowledgment of retraction shown in citations to 265 papers in MEDLINE retracted between 2001 and 2005.…”