Exploring the influence of tin in micro-structural, magneto-optical and antimicrobial traits of nickel oxide nanoparticles

Structural, optical and magnetic properties of Ni1-2xMgxRuxO nanoparticles

“…The obtained values of the steepness parameter (table 2) increase at low codoping concentration, as the absorption edge narrows, followed by a decrease with the absorption edge broadening. The electron-phonon interaction E e-p between longitudinal-optical phonons and exciton-overlaps can be signified from the steepness parameter [76]. The highest electron-phonon interaction is witnessed in the Ni 0.98 Mg 0.01 Ru 0.01 O sample (table 2), which experiences the lowest structural defects and disorders, as proved by the lowest Urbach energy value.…”

“…Table 2 lists the obtained values of the dielectric constants, showing the lower dielectric constants for the codoped samples. Similarly, doping NiO nanoparticles by Sn also lowered its refractive index and dielectric constant and increased its band gap energy [76].…”

“…The edges of the conduction band E CB and the valence band E VB can be determined by knowing the direct band gap energy of the sample, as well as its absolute electronegativity χ e and the free electron energy E e on the hydrogen scale (4.5 eV) [76]:…”

“…The vacuum level energy E V , the energy difference between valence and vacuum levels E h and the UV resonance energy (E o ) UV , can be obtained knowing the conduction and valence band edges according to the following relations [76]:…”

“…The obtained values (table 2) show that the the UV resonance energy increases with codoping, until reaching its maximum value for the Ni 0.84 Mg 0.08 Ru 0.08 O nanoparticles. Furthermore, the refractive index of the prepared nanoparticles can be determined emperically from the direct band gap energy according to the Moss n M , Ravindra n R , Herve and Vandamme n H-V , and Singh n S relations [76]. The codoped samples exhibit a lower refractive index in comparison to that of the pure sample (table 2), indicating a lower atomic polarizability and dielectric constant in the codoped samples [77].…”