“…The lack of emphasis on external benefits by the FTSE 100 companies is surprising, as for-profit companies should convey to stakeholders what the company will deliver in terms of products, services, and customer experiences (Roper and Fill, 2012), and communicating benefits should also be important for charities, as they often exist for the benefit of a group in need, or society in general (Roper and Fill, 2012), and communicating how beneficiaries are helped can also enable the charity to differentiate itself (Merchant et al, 2010). Benefits for internal stakeholders are infrequently included by either the FTSE 100 companies or charities (in only 10.6% of the FTSE 100 company stories and 9.6% of the charity stories), which is concerning, as internal branding is important to ensure that employees deliver on the corporate brand promise (Punjaisri, Wilson and Evanschitzky, 2008). Ingratiation behaviour is evident in the use of internal and external benefits elements, for example the external benefits element in ARM's corporate story; 'ARM's business model…enabled multiple companies to benefit from ARM's innovation', and the internal benefits element in GSK's corporate story; 'GSK to reimburse 100% of uncapped tuition fees for all undergraduates it recruits in the UK', which aims to enhance the likeability of the companies with their stakeholders by expressing how the company acts in their favour.…”