Exploring the Local Black Hole Mass Function below 10<sup>6</sup> Solar Masses

Gallo, Elena; Sesana, Alberto

doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ab40c6

Cited by 40 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Secondly, the identification of the LLAGN population would help to constrain the occupation fraction of active SMBH in galaxies. Such a quantity is unknown at low stellar masses <10 9 − 10 M (Greene 2012;Gallo & Sesana 2019) and is crucial for establishing the BH mass density function and to calibrate the prescriptions for SMBHgalaxy growth of semi-analytical and numerical models (Shankar 2009; Barausse et al 2017). Thirdly, the discovery of large cavities of hot gas that have been formed in the intracluster medium typically by jets from LLAGN in massive elliptical galaxies (e.g.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

LeMMINGs III. The e-MERLIN legacy survey of the Palomar sample: exploring the origin of nuclear radio emission in active and inactive galaxies through the [O iii] – radio connection

Baldi

Williams

Beswick

et al. 2021

Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

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What determines the nuclear radio emission in local galaxies? To address this question, we combine optical [O iii] line emission, robust black hole (BH) mass estimates, and high-resolution e-MERLIN 1.5-GHz data, from the LeMMINGs survey, of a statistically complete sample of 280 nearby optically active (LINER and Seyfert) and inactive [H ii and absorption line galaxies (ALGs)] galaxies. Using [O iii] luminosity ($L_{\rm [O\, \small {III}]}$) as a proxy for the accretion power, local galaxies follow distinct sequences in the optical–radio planes of BH activity, which suggest different origins of the nuclear radio emission for the optical classes. The 1.5-GHz radio luminosity of their parsec-scale cores (Lcore) is found to scale with BH mass (MBH) and [O iii] luminosity. Below MBH ∼ 106.5 M⊙, stellar processes from non-jetted H ii galaxies dominate with $L_{\rm core} \propto M_{\rm BH}^{0.61\pm 0.33}$ and $L_{\rm core} \propto L_{\rm [O\, \small {III}]}^{0.79\pm 0.30}$. Above MBH ∼ 106.5 M⊙, accretion-driven processes dominate with $L_{\rm core} \propto M_{\rm BH}^{1.5-1.65}$ and $L_{\rm core} \propto L_{\rm [O\, \small {III}]}^{0.99-1.31}$ for active galaxies: radio-quiet/loud LINERs, Seyferts, and jetted H ii galaxies always display (although low) signatures of radio-emitting BH activity, with $L_{\rm 1.5\, GHz}\gtrsim 10^{19.8}$ W Hz−1 and MBH ≳ 107 M⊙, on a broad range of Eddington-scaled accretion rates ($\dot{m}$). Radio-quiet and radio-loud LINERs are powered by low-$\dot{m}$ discs launching sub-relativistic and relativistic jets, respectively. Low-power slow jets and disc/corona winds from moderately high to high-$\dot{m}$ discs account for the compact and edge-brightened jets of Seyferts, respectively. Jetted H ii galaxies may host weakly active BHs. Fuel-starved BHs and recurrent activity account for ALG properties. In conclusion, specific accretion–ejection states of active BHs determine the radio production and the optical classification of local active galaxies.

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confidence: 99%

LeMMINGs III. The e-MERLIN legacy survey of the Palomar sample: exploring the origin of nuclear radio emission in active and inactive galaxies through the [O iii] – radio connection

Baldi

Williams

Beswick

et al. 2021

Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

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“…If we assume that σ * can be related to the maximum halo circular velocity as σ * = v 2.2 max , then we can take the black hole scaling relation with v max to have the form log M BH a b = + v log max . For intrinsic scatter in this relation of σ int , we then have (see, e.g., Marconi et al 2004;Gallo & Sesana 2019)…”

Section: Limits On the Occupation Fractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Eventually gravitational-wave detectors in space will be sensitive to the mergers of stellar-mass and intermediate-mass black holes in these clusters (e.g., Gair et al 2010;Gallo & Sesana 2019). Thus, if there are black holes wandering in galaxy halos, we will begin to uncover them relatively soon.…”

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confidence: 99%

A Search for Wandering Black Holes in the Milky Way with Gaia and DECaLS

Greene

Lancaster

Ting

et al. 2021

ApJ

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We present a search for "hypercompact" star clusters in the Milky Way using a combination of Gaia and the Dark Energy Camera Legacy Survey (DECaLS). Such putative clusters, with sizes of ∼1 pc and containing 500-5000 stars, are expected to remain bound to intermediate-mass black holes (M BH ≈ 10 3 -10 5 M e ) that may be accreted into the Milky Way halo within dwarf satellites. Using the semianalytic model SatGen, we find an expected ∼100 wandering intermediate-mass black holes if every infalling satellite hosts a black hole. We do not find any such clusters in our search. Our upper limits rule out 100% occupancy but do not put stringent constraints on the occupation fraction. Of course, we need stronger constraints on the properties of the putative star clusters, including their assumed sizes and the fraction of stars that would be compact remnants.

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“…The BHMF Φ BH , defined as the number of SMBHs per comoving volume between masses M BH and M BH +dM BH , provides knowledge on the growth and evolution of SMBHs and galaxies. Currently, the observationally constrained BHMF still has a large uncertainty (e.g., Shankar et al 2016;Gallo & Sesana 2019). In particular, the uncertainty in BH occupation fraction increases significantly towards lighter BHs with M BH 10 5 M , which also results in uncertainty of TDE rates around such BHs.…”

Section: Tde Host Black Hole Mass Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Revisiting the Rates and Demographics of Tidal Disruption Events: Effects of the Disk Formation Efficiency

Wong,

Pfister,

Dai

2021

Preprint

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Tidal disruption events (TDEs) are valuable probes of the demographics of supermassive black holes as well as the dynamics and population of stars in the centers of galaxies. In this Letter, we focus on studying how the TDE disk formation and circularization processes can impact the possibility of observing prompt TDE flares, based on recent theoretical developments. First, we investigate how the efficiency of disk formation is determined by the key parameters, namely, the black hole mass M BH , the stellar mass m , and the stellar orbital penetration parameter β. Then we apply the loss cone theory to calculate the differential TDE rate as a function of these three parameters. Combining these two results, we find that the rates of TDEs with prompt disk formation are significantly suppressed around lighter black holes, which provides a plausible explanation for why the observed TDE host black hole mass distribution peaks between 10 6 and 10 7 M . Therefore, the consideration of the disk formation efficiency is crucial for recovering the intrinsic black hole demographics from TDEs. Furthermore, we find that the efficiency of the disk formation process also impacts the distributions of both stellar orbital penetration parameter and stellar mass observed in TDEs.

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Exploring the Local Black Hole Mass Function below 10⁶ Solar Masses

Cited by 40 publications

References 44 publications

LeMMINGs III. The e-MERLIN legacy survey of the Palomar sample: exploring the origin of nuclear radio emission in active and inactive galaxies through the [O iii] – radio connection

LeMMINGs III. The e-MERLIN legacy survey of the Palomar sample: exploring the origin of nuclear radio emission in active and inactive galaxies through the [O iii] – radio connection

A Search for Wandering Black Holes in the Milky Way with Gaia and DECaLS

Revisiting the Rates and Demographics of Tidal Disruption Events: Effects of the Disk Formation Efficiency

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Exploring the Local Black Hole Mass Function below 106 Solar Masses

Cited by 40 publications

References 44 publications

LeMMINGs III. The e-MERLIN legacy survey of the Palomar sample: exploring the origin of nuclear radio emission in active and inactive galaxies through the [O iii] – radio connection

LeMMINGs III. The e-MERLIN legacy survey of the Palomar sample: exploring the origin of nuclear radio emission in active and inactive galaxies through the [O iii] – radio connection

A Search for Wandering Black Holes in the Milky Way with Gaia and DECaLS

Revisiting the Rates and Demographics of Tidal Disruption Events: Effects of the Disk Formation Efficiency

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Exploring the Local Black Hole Mass Function below 10⁶ Solar Masses