“…Therefore, the effective oscillation probabilities of neutrinos and antineutrinos in short-baseline experiments are equal. There is, however, a difference between the oscillation probabilities of neutrinos and antineutrinos at longer distances, as those of long-baseline experiments [10,[56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63], where the effects of all the complex phases in the mixing matrix are observable. The elements of the fourth column of the mixing matrix must be small, because 3+1 active-sterile neutrino mixing must be a small perturbation of the standard three-neutrino mixing which fits very well the robust data of solar, atmospheric and long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiments [20][21][22].…”