Exploring the peptide fragmentation mechanisms under atmospheric pressure photoionization using tunable VUV synchrotron radiation

Méjean, Marie; Giuliani, Alexandre; Brunelle, Alain; Touboul, David

doi:10.1016/j.ijms.2014.12.011

Cited by 5 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Other ionizations developed for HPLC, atmospheric-pressure chemical ionization (APCI), and photoionization (APPI) are usually not considered for peptide analysis. Both techniques, however, have been shown to ionize various peptides [18,[24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43]. APCI [44] and APPI [45] are gas-phase ionization techniques less affected by matrix [46].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition to ion sources with commercial UV lamps, synchrotron radiation (SR) was implemented for APPI. SR is a powerful UV light source tunable within a wide range of photon energies [40]. When used for APPI, it offers high spectral purity and the detection of PTMs [51].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Data obtained by flow injection analysis (FIA) using methanol/water (80:20 v/v) mobile phase.The effect of the ion source temperature on peptide signal in APCI and APPI has rarely been studied[35]. In previous papers, both relatively high temperatures at or above 400 • C[18,24,36,40,42,61], and lower temperatures below 400 • C[26,28,29,38] were used. Our results indicate that higher probe temperatures are advantageous for detecting peptides.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Utility of Atmospheric-Pressure Chemical Ionization and Photoionization Mass Spectrometry in Bottom-Up Proteomics

et al. 2022

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In a typical bottom-up proteomics workflow, proteins are enzymatically cleaved, and the resulting peptides are analyzed by HPLC with electrospray ionization (ESI) tandem mass spectrometry. This approach is practical and widely applied. It has, however, limitations mostly related to less efficient or even inefficient ionization of some peptides in ESI sources. Gas-phase ionization methods like atmospheric-pressure chemical ionization (APCI) or atmospheric-pressure photoionization (APPI) offer alternative ways of detecting various analytes. This work is a systematic study of the ionization efficiencies of peptides in ESI, APCI, and APPI and the applicability of the mentioned ionizations in proteomics. A set of peptide standards and bovine serum albumin digests were examined using a high-resolution mass spectrometer coupled to an ultra HPLC system. Since the ionization efficiency in APCI and APPI depends strongly on experimental conditions, the ion source settings and mobile phase compositions were optimized for each ionization technique. As expected, tryptic peptides were best detected using ESI. The numbers of chymotrypsin peptides successfully detected by ESI, APPI, and APCI were comparable. In the case of Glu-C digest, APPI detected the highest number of peptides. The results suggest that gas-phase ionization techniques, particularly APPI, are an interesting alternative for detecting peptides and delivering complementary data in proteomics.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Utility of Atmospheric-Pressure Chemical Ionization and Photoionization Mass Spectrometry in Bottom-Up Proteomics

et al. 2022

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“…For that purpose, a unique set-up using a tunable UV source at the SOLEIL synchrotron radiation facility 8 allowed us the acquisition of APPI spectra at various photon energies. This set-up was already used to depict ionization mechanisms of adenine under APPI, 9 in-source fragmentation of substance P 10 and to measure the IEs of monoterpenes in a fast and sensitive manner. 11…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is methanol a dopant under atmospheric pressure photoionization conditions?

Touboul

2019

Eur J Mass Spectrom (Chichester)

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Using a modified atmospheric pressure photoionization (APPI) source coupled to a tunable vacuum ultraviolet source at the SOLEIL synchrotron radiation facility, we determined the appearance energy of protonated methanol monomer and dimers at different source temperatures. The experimental data indicated that protonated monomers can be formed through the direct photoionization of neutral methanol by the second emission band of a krypton discharge UV lamp at 116.49 nm (10.64 eV) explaining why methanol can be considered as a weak dopant under APPI conditions. This point is in contradiction with the previously proposed mechanism where photoionization of methanol dimer was followed by the dissociation of the protonated methanol dimer into protonated methanol monomer.

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“…First, mechanistic studies into the APPI process, for both direct and dopant-assisted positive and negative ionization modes, revealed that multiple mechanisms lead to formation of radical, protonated, and adducted species, thus voiding straightforward discussion on APPI response prediction [10,[15][16][17][18][19]. Secondly, quantitation studies or studies comparing atmospheric pressure ionization techniques tend to focus on a selected class of compounds, such a crude oil [20], lipids [21,22], explosives [23], and drugs [11,24], and evaluate the APPI response for the whole compound set within this class.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Functional Group Approach for Prediction of APPI Response of Organic Synthetic Targets

Zhurov

Menin

Franco

et al. 2015

J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom.

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Abstract. Atmospheric pressure photoionization (APPI) is a technique of choice for ionization of non-polar molecules in mass spectrometry (MS). Reported APPI-based studies tend to focus on a selected compound class, which may contain a variety of functional groups. These studies demonstrate that APPI response frequently differs substantially, indicating a certain dependence on the functional group present. Although this dependence could be employed for APPI response prediction, its systematic use is currently absent. Here, we apply APPI MS to a judiciously-compiled set of 63 compounds containing a number of diverse functional groups commonly utilized in synthesis, reactive functional groups, as well as those containing boron and silicon. Based on the outcome of APPI MS of these compounds, we propose and evaluate a simple guideline to estimate the APPI response for a novel compound, the key properties of which have not been characterized in the gas phase. Briefly, we first identify key functional groups in the compound and gather knowledge on the known ionization energies from the smallest analogues containing said functional groups. We then consider local inductive and resonance effects on said ionization energies for the compounds of interest to estimate the APPI response. Finally, application of APPI MS to compounds of interest considered herein demonstrated extended upper mass ionization limit of 3.5 kDa for non-polymeric compounds.

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Exploring the peptide fragmentation mechanisms under atmospheric pressure photoionization using tunable VUV synchrotron radiation

Cited by 5 publications

References 38 publications

Utility of Atmospheric-Pressure Chemical Ionization and Photoionization Mass Spectrometry in Bottom-Up Proteomics

Utility of Atmospheric-Pressure Chemical Ionization and Photoionization Mass Spectrometry in Bottom-Up Proteomics

Is methanol a dopant under atmospheric pressure photoionization conditions?

A Functional Group Approach for Prediction of APPI Response of Organic Synthetic Targets

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