Exploring the Potential of Natural Product-Based Nanomedicine for Maintaining Oral Health

Abstract

Oral diseases pose a major threat to public health across the globe. Diseases such as dental caries, periodontitis, gingivitis, halitosis, and oral cancer affect people of all age groups. Moreover, unhealthy diet practices and the presence of comorbidities aggravate the problem even further. Traditional practices such as the use of miswak for oral hygiene and cloves for toothache have been used for a long time. The present review exhaustively explains the potential of natural products obtained from different sources for the prevention and treatment of dental diseases. Additionally, natural medicine has shown activity in preventing bacterial biofilm resistance and can be one of the major forerunners in the treatment of oral infections. However, in spite of the enormous potential, it is a less explored area due to many setbacks, such as unfavorable physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties. Nanotechnology has led to many advances in the dental industry, with various applications ranging from maintenance to restoration. However, can nanotechnology help in enhancing the safety and efficacy of natural products? The present review discusses these issues in detail.

Central Composite Design (CCD) for the Optimisation of Ethosomal Gel Formulation of Punica granatum Extract: In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluations

“…Triethanolamine was added drop-by-drop to the neutralised mixture; the optimised ethosomal dispersion was added and mixed properly. Mixing was continued until a transparent gel appeared and preservative was added; the prepared gels were filled into glass containers and stored at 4–8 °C [ 29 , 30 ].…”

8 yaşında bir kız çocuğunda demir eksikliği anemisi ve karanfil yeme birlikteliği. Nadir bir olgu sunumu

“…[3] Clove has been used for centuries as an analgesic for toothache. [4] Although a relationship between IDA and pica has been reported in the literature, no such association has been reported with eating clove so far. Therefore, I present the case of an 8-year-old girl diagnosed with IDA with clove pica.…”

Therapeutic Potential of Flavonoids and Tannins in Management of Oral Infectious Diseases—A Review

“…Pain relief, a decrease in gum bleeding, and the suppression of halitosis are all supportive interventions during periodontal disease therapy; protection and regeneration of enamel are required to prevent dental caries. Along with the therapy of underlying diseases, improved oral hygiene, and a change in diet and lifestyle, natural products with their various beneficial activities can be successfully included in the complex approach to therapy and the prevention of dental caries and periodontal disease [18,19].…”

“…The active molecules directly encounter the pathogen on the mucosa or teeth surface and exert their antibacterial effects. A problem may arise if the therapy is needed across different regions that are deeper in the oral mucosa, where the penetration of hydrophilic and hydrophobic molecules differ depending on the mucosal surface type (keratinized or non-keratinized) [19]. Tannins, which are high-molecular-weight substances, create non-absorbable complexes due to their binding properties with molecules in the organism, like proteins.…”