Exploring the Potential of Phytogenic Materials for Bone Regeneration: A Narrative Review of Current Advances and Future Directions

Abstract

In dentistry, bone regeneration in areas following tooth loss, the removal of a tumor or cyst, and craniofacial surgery can be accomplished by using bone grafts. Many biocompatible materials have been employed for bone regeneration in dentistry; however, all these bone graft materials come with various drawbacks. Therefore, there is a growing demand for natural, cost-effective, and biocompatible plant-based bone grafts. This review explores the emerging field of phytogenic elements in bone restoration and their specific applications in dentistry. The review focuses on key phytogenic compounds, such as algae-based and plant-based bone substitutes, delineating their roles in bone regeneration in dental bone defects. It also highlights the existing challenges associated with phytogenic grafts, such as limited bioavailability and high-dose toxicity. This calls for increased research into compatible, affordable carriers and a broader spectrum of studies to determine the most effective phytogenic solutions in dental regenerative medicine.

Towards Stem Cell Therapy for Critical-Sized Segmental Bone Defects: Current Trends and Challenges on the Path to Clinical Translation

“…The scaffold material should not produce a long-term immune response and should be easily reproducible, customisable, and relatively inexpensive. A recent review [ 355 ] explored the use of phytogenic materials for bone regeneration in future BTE strategies, highlighting the benefits of cost-effective, highly available, accessible, natural, and biocompatible phytogenic bone grafts. Advancements in 3D-printed bioresorbable scaffolds, incorporating trace elements of metal such as Magnesium [ 339 ], Zinc [ 340 ], and Silver [ 341 ], have been reported to enhance bone regeneration by releasing ions in a sustained manner, thereby promoting cell regeneration [ 342 ].…”