Exploring the potential of seaweed Gracilaria gracilis and microalga Nannochloropsis oceanica, single or blended, as natural dietary ingredients for European seabass Dicentrarchus labrax

Batista, Sónia; Pereira, Ricardo; Oliveira, M. Beatriz P.P.; Baião, Luís F.; Jessen, Flemming; Tulli, Francesca; Messina, Maria; Silva, Joana; Abreu, Helena; Valente, Luísa

doi:10.1007/s10811-020-02118-z

Cited by 52 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 89 publications

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“…The species G. gracilis (Rhodophyta) ( Figure 3 d) is among the seaweeds with increasing demand and therefore economic relevance [ 49 ]. As a result, increasing research has been conducted to enhance cultivation and evaluate the nutraceutical relevance of this seaweed [ 60 , 61 , 62 ]. Previous research showed that G. gracilis biochemical composition is dependent on the depth it grows.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seaweeds as Valuable Sources of Essential Fatty Acids for Human Nutrition

Rocha

Pacheco

Cotas

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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The overexploitation of terrestrial habitats, combined with the ever-growing demand for food, has led to the search for alternative food sources. The importance of seaweeds as food sources has been growing, and their potential as sources of fatty acids (FA) make seaweeds an interesting feedstock for the food and nutraceutical industries. The aim of this study is to assess the potential of five red seaweeds (Asparagospis armata, Calliblepharis jubata, Chondracanthus teedei var. lusitanicus, Gracilaria gracilis, and Grateloupia turuturu) and three brown seaweeds (Colpomenia peregrina, Sargassum muticum and Undaria pinnatifida), harvested in central Portugal, as effective sources of essential FA for food or as dietary supplements. FA were extracted from the biomass, transmethylated to methyl esters, and analyzed through gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. G. gracilis presented the highest content of saturated fatty acids (SFA) (41.49 mg·g−1), whereas C. jubata exhibited the highest content of highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFA) (28.56 mg·g−1); the three G. turuturu life cycle stages presented prominent SFA and HUFA contents. Omega-6/omega-3 ratios were assessed and, in combination with PUFA+HUFA/SFA ratios, it is suggested that C. jubata and U. pinnatifida may be the algae with highest nutraceutical potential, promoting health benefits and contributing to a balanced dietary intake of fatty acids.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seaweeds as Valuable Sources of Essential Fatty Acids for Human Nutrition

Rocha

Pacheco

Cotas

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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“…Muscle texture was analyzed using a TA.XT.plus Texture Analyser with a 5 kg load cell and a 2.0 mm diameter probe (Stable Micro systems Inc., United Kingdom). Texture profile parameters [hardness (N), adhesiveness (J), springiness (-), cohesiveness (-), chewiness (J), and resilience (-)] were obtained by double penetration (probe speed of 1 mm/s; probe penetration depth of 4 mm; wait time between penetrations of 5 s) on the thickest part of each raw fillet according to Batista et al (2020).…”

Section: Instrumental Texture and Color Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

The Use of Defatted Tenebrio molitor Larvae Meal as a Main Protein Source Is Supported in European Sea Bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) by Data on Growth Performance, Lipid Metabolism, and Flesh Quality

et al. 2021

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ObjectiveThis study aims to determine the maximal inclusion level of defatted (d-) Tenebrio molitor larvae meal (TM) able to replace dietary fishmeal (FM) without compromising growth performance, general metabolism, and flesh quality traits in European sea bass, and to evaluate the major underlying physiological mechanisms.Materials and MethodsFish (55 ± 2 g) were fed with diets containing increasing levels of dTM: 0, 40, 80 and 100% (CTRL, TM40, TM80, and TM100, respectively) to replace FM. After 10 weeks of feeding, the growth performance, nutrient and energy balance, intestinal integrity, plasma metabolites and the expression of genes related to growth and nutrient metabolism, in liver and muscle were determined. The fatty acids (FA) profile, textural properties and color were also evaluated in muscle.ResultsProtein and lipids digestibility remained unaltered up to 80% dTM inclusion. Growth performance parameters were similar among dietary treatments. The dTM inclusion increased the hepatosomatic index in fish fed TM100. Muscle eicosapentaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid and n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated FA levels were maintained up to 80% dTM inclusion, but total cholesterol and non-esterified FA increased with dietary dTM inclusion. In liver, the expression of elongation of very long-chain FA protein 6 (elovl6) and FA desaturase 2 (fads2) did not change in fish fed TM40 and TM80, but elovl6 decreased whilst fads2 increased in fish fed TM100 when compared to those fed CTRL. The expression of cholesterol 7 alpha-monooxygenase (cyp7a1) decreased with dietary dTM inclusion. In muscle, the expression of myoblast determination protein-2 (myod2) decreased in fish fed TM80 and TM100.ConclusionIt is feasible to substitute dietary FM by dTM up to 80% in European sea bass without detrimental effects on nutrient digestibility, growth performance and associated genetic pathways, whilst assuring fillet nutritional value for human consumption.

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“…Trace elements composition of microalgae reported in the literature is highly heterogeneous for copper (4-1900 mg kg À1 ), iron (15-6800 mg kg À1 ), manganese (19-4000 mg kg À1 ) and zinc (14-5500 mg kg À1 ) while that of selenium is rather consistent (about 1 mg kg À1 ) (Batista et al 2020). The health beneficial effects of Se in relation to oxidative stress conditions, immune system, viral infections, reproduction, and thyroid function have been reviewed and seafood is one of the food commodities relatively rich in this micronutrient.…”

Section: Microbial Biomasses Compositionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Palatability and nutrient bioavailability is strictly dependent of the microalgal species as it is hampered by the high complexity of their cell walls, which may introduce anti-nutritional factors and may harm the intestinal tract and result in inflammation and reduced nutrient uptake in fish species. Proper processing techniques should be applied before the inclusion of microalgae biomass are considered in aquafeeds (Batista et al 2020). In general, the nutritive value of microalgae appeared lower in comparison with combinations of fish meal and oil, but performed better than diets based on plant protein and oil sources, that are increasingly utilised as alternatives to fish meal and oils in the current commercial aquafeeds.…”

Section: General Aspects and Availability Of Microbial Biomassesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protein hunger of the feed sector: the alternatives offered by the plant world

Parisi

Tulli

Fortina

et al. 2020

Italian Journal of Animal Science

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The expected future demand for highly nutrient animal food products will push the animal production system to search for new sources of high-quality protein feedstuffs. In this scenario, economic and environmental issues will have to be considered while reducing the competition with the plant-based human food chains. Legume grains and some oilseed cakes, by-products from the oil industry, are the main protein sources for ruminants and terrestrial monogastrics such as pigs and poultry. Their relevant role will hold in the next decades, but it is necessary to increase the diversification of sources that can be grown profitably throughout the world, including European countries. Microalgae are a promising source of protein and other nutrients for animal feeding. However, an amazing richness of biologically active substances makes these organisms very interesting as feed ingredients, as their role go far beyond the supply of nutrients. Due to the limited usage of microalgae as human foodstuffs or food ingredients, low competition between microalgae-based feed and food chains is predictable. This review aims to synthesise current knowledge on minor pulses and other protein-rich plant products and microalgae, as alternative ingredients to the conventional animal protein sources, focussing on their production, availability, and nutritional values. Points of strength, weakness, opportunity and threat related to the use of these protein sources in animal feeding are separately analysed through a SWOT approach to underlie future needs in terms of research and/or technological development that could help valorise these nutrient sources as feed ingredients.

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Exploring the potential of seaweed Gracilaria gracilis and microalga Nannochloropsis oceanica, single or blended, as natural dietary ingredients for European seabass Dicentrarchus labrax

Cited by 52 publications

References 89 publications

Seaweeds as Valuable Sources of Essential Fatty Acids for Human Nutrition

Seaweeds as Valuable Sources of Essential Fatty Acids for Human Nutrition

The Use of Defatted Tenebrio molitor Larvae Meal as a Main Protein Source Is Supported in European Sea Bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) by Data on Growth Performance, Lipid Metabolism, and Flesh Quality

Protein hunger of the feed sector: the alternatives offered by the plant world

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