Exploring the Potential Role of Lactobacillus plantarum in the Reversal of Induced Cognitive Long-term Memory Impairment

Abstract

Long-term Memory (LTM) is formed by sequential changes in the different brain regions due to synaptic plasticity changes. This synaptic plasticity changes formed in the brain due to the acquittance of unexposed information and its retrieval due to learning and memory formation (LMF). In a normal condition, LMF uses RNA and protein synthesis machinery to form LTM, which lasts till the end of an organism's lifetime. Formed LTM shows sequential changes happening in the presynaptic and postsynaptic neurons. Stated sequential changes are initiated when the released neurotransmitter binds with the postsynaptic neuronal receptors and activates the brain's ERK - CREB neuronal signaling pathway. Based on the previous findings, the present study was designed to study the interrelationship between cognitive impairment and oral/gut dysbiosis with the help of a probiotic strain (Lactobacillus plantarum). Two phases of behavioural analysis (first and second phase) were used to identify the effect of oral microbial infusions on impaired LTM formation and its reversal using restoration of dysbiosed gut/oral microbiota. The first phase of behavioural analysis (FPBA) reported that oral microbial infusion plays a major role in developing oral/gut dysbiosis, which results in impaired cognitive functions. Further, formed oral/gut microbiota dysbiosis was reversed with the help of probiotic strain in the second phase of behavioural analysis (SPBA). Thus, a comparative two-phase behavioural analysis revealed that probiotics may play a significant role in reversing induced cognitive decline. The outcome of the present study also proved that probiotic treatment might play a major role in the reversal of dysbiosed microbiota in the oral cavity and the gut.