Exploring the powerful phytoarsenal of white grape marc against bacteria and parasites causing significant diseases

Abstract

Natural extracts containing high polyphenolic concentration possess antibacterial, anti-parasitic and fungicidal activities. The present research characterises two extracts based on white grape marc, a winemaking by-product, describing their physicochemical features and antimicrobial capacities. The main components of these extracts are phenolic acids, flavan-3-ols and their gallates and flavonols and their glycosides. As a result of this complex composition, the extracts showed pronounced bioactivities with potential uses in agricultural, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. Polyphenol compounds were extracted by using hydro-organic solvent mixtures from the by-product of Albariño white wines (Galicia, NW Spain) production. The in vitro antimicrobial activity of these extracts was evaluated on Grampositive and Gram-negative bacteria and Apicomplexan and Oomycota parasites. Microbial species investigated are causing agents of several human and animal diseases, such as foodborne illnesses (Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica, and Toxoplasma gondii), skin infections and/or mastitis (Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus uberis), malaria (Plasmodium falciparum) and plant infections as "chestnut ink" or "root rot" (Phytophthora cinnamomi). Both extracts showed activity against all the tested species, being nontoxic for the host. So, they could be used for the development of biocides to control a wide range of pathogenic agents and contribute to the enhancement of winemaking industry by-products.

Optimization of bioactives extraction from grape marc via a medium scale ambient temperature system and stability study

“…This is due to the release of high amounts of tannins and polyphenols, together with high oxygen consumption, which could have a negative impact on wildlife growth ( 4 , 5 ). In contrast, the high content of bioactive compounds in grape marc, including both flavonoids and non-flavonoids, has shown important antioxidant and antimicrobial effects, being associated with the prevention of numerous diseases, including cardiovascular problems, neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s, in addition to various forms of cancer ( 3 , 6 ).…”

New Insights of Biological Functions of Natural Polyphenols in Inflammatory Intestinal Diseases

“…As previously reported, a large proportion of polyphenols enter into the colon and undergo microbial biotransformation [42]. Meanwhile, polyphenols also interact with intestinal microbiome by modulating its composition and construction, which mainly inhibits the growth of pathogens and promotes the proliferation of Akkermansia, Lactobacillus, and Bifidobacterium, thus serving as prebiotics [106][107][108]. In turn, certain probiotic strains are equipped with tannase, α-L-rhamnosidase, and phenolic acid reductase, which are responsible for the bio-transformation of polyphenols into bioactive phenolic metabolites [109].…”

Multicomponent bioactive extract from red stage Haematococcus pluvialis wet paste: avoiding the drying step and toxic solvents

“…Based on these guidelines, Lores et al (2016) developed and patented a scalable extractive approach, referred to as MSAT (Medium Scale Ambient Temperature systems) for obtaining bioactive extracts at pilot scale. Its applicability on an industrial scale was subsequently demonstrated (Gato et al 2021;Rama et al 2021) processing biomasses with a moisture content up to 90% without prior pre-treatment and obtaining high yields. The development of the technique and its applications faithfully comply with the principles of green chemistry (Anastas and Warner 1998).…”