Exploring the Prevalence of Undiagnosed Prediabetes, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, and Risk Factors in Adolescents: A Systematic Review

Spurr, Shelley; Bally, Jill; Hill, Pauline; Gray, Katherine L.; Newman, Peter; Hutton, Alison

doi:10.1016/j.pedn.2019.09.025

Cited by 23 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 26 publications

(134 reference statements)

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“…Rather, our data show that the potential for RE to improve glycemic control may be attenuated without proper pre-exercise nutrition practices. What is more, when combined with recent studies showing the existence of symptoms consistent with impaired glycemic control in young and athletic populations [ 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 ], our findings indicate that active individuals, regardless of age, should be aware of their health status prior to engaging in intense activity, as any undiagnosed symptoms of glycemic impairment could be aggravated.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

“…Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) continues to be a global pandemic, with an estimated 500 million cases worldwide [ 1 , 2 , 3 ]. Although T2DM mostly affects individuals ≥ 45 years-old, a small but growing body of evidence demonstrates an increased prevalence of symptomology related to pre-diabetes, metabolic syndrome and T2DM among younger populations [ 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 ]. Together, this body of literature reveals that children, adolescents and even collegiate athletes can exhibit symptoms consistent with impaired glycemic control such as elevated fasting plasma glucose (FPG), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and abdominal obesity [ 7 , 9 , 11 , 12 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Effect of Resistance Exercise Intensity on Acute Hyperglycemia in Young Adult Males

Schick

Segura

Emamjomeh

et al. 2020

Sports

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The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of resistance exercise (RE) intensity on acute hyperglycemia, in young adult males. Thirteen males (age 23.43 ± 2.18 years, height 175.16 ± 10.44 cm, weight 77.02 ± 8.91 kg, body fat 20 ± 0.03%) participated in three randomized testing sessions, each separated by 96 h. The three testing conditions were: control (CON; induction of hyperglycemia with no-exercise), high (HI; induction of hyperglycemia followed by high-intensity RE: 5 × 4, 90% 1-repetition maximum (1-RM)), and moderate (MO; induction of hyperglycemia followed by low-intensity RE: 3 × 14, 65% 1-RM). In all three testing conditions, participants orally ingested a D100 (100 g/10 oz) glucose beverage at a dosage of 2 g glucose/kg body weight and capillary blood was obtained for plasma glucose and insulin analysis at 0 (fasting), 30, 60, 90 and 120 min, following glucose ingestion. At 30-min post-ingestion in the HI and MO conditions, participants began the respective RE protocols. Acute hyperglycemia was achieved throughout all three 2-h testing conditions; mean 2-h plasma glucose levels during CON (7.1 ± 1.3 mmol∙L−1), MO (7.5 ± 0.6 mmol∙L−1) and HI (8.2 ± 1.9 mmol∙L−1) were all significantly (p < 0.05) greater than mean fasting plasma glucose (5.6 ± 0.46 mmol∙L−1). Plasma glucose and insulin did not differ (p < 0.05) between treatment conditions at any times points over the 120 min, however, 2-h glucose area under the curve in the HI condition was significantly greater (p < 0.05) than CON and MO. In conclusion, this study indicates that hyperglycemia, induced prior to RE, may be exacerbated by high-intensity RE.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Resistance Exercise Intensity on Acute Hyperglycemia in Young Adult Males

Schick

Segura

Emamjomeh

et al. 2020

Sports

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“…Second, comparing national registers regarding the glucose levels or the prevalence of Impaired Fasting Glucose (IFG), IGT, and diabetes mellitus type 2, according to the above-mentioned cut-offs might be invalid. Several studies have investigated differences in glucose levels and IGT prevalence be-tween countries, either by comparing data from national registers or by comparing single studies against each other (11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17). However, in many cases, the important information on the preanalytical conditions, including the type of blood collection tubes used, was neglected, or not mentioned at all.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deviating glucose results in an international dual-center study. A root cause investigation

Cadamuro¹,

Bergsten²,

Mörwald³

et al. 2022

Biochem. med. (Online)

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During a dual-center study on obese and normal weight children and adolescents, focusing on glucose metabolism, we observed a marked difference in glucose results (N = 16,840) between the two sites, Salzburg, Austria and Uppsala, Sweden (P < 0.001). After excluding differences in patient characteristics between the two populations as cause of this finding, we investigated other preanalytic influences. Finally, only the tubes used for blood collection at the two sites were left to evaluate. While the Vacuette FC-Mix tube (Greiner Bio-One, Kremsmünster, Austria) was used in Uppsala, in Salzburg blood collections were performed with a lithium heparin tube (LH-Monovette, Sarstedt, Germany). To prove our hypothesis, we collected two blood samples in either of these tubes from 51 children (Salzburg N = 27, Uppsala N = 24) and compared the measured glucose results. Indeed, we found the suspected bias and calculated a correction formula, which significantly diminished the differences of glucose results between the two sites ( P = 0.023). Our finding is in line with those of other studies and although this issue should be widely known, we feel that it is widely neglected, especially when comparing glucose concentrations across Europe, using large databases without any information on preanalytic sample handling.

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“…Albuminuria also indicates vascular permeability disorder, which is caused by generalized endothelial dysfunction. [1][2][3] On average, diabetic retinopathy occurs after 8-10 years of DM2. It engages both eyes and leads to blindness in the final stage.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frequency of Microvascular Complications in the Early Phase of Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 with Albuminuria

Surkovic¹

2020

South Clin Ist Euras

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Objective: Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 (DM2) is characterized by varying degrees of insulin resistance, impaired insulin secretion, and increased glucose production. Some people with DM2 have more complications such as nephropathy, retinopathy, and neuropathy. The earliest stage of renal impairment occurs with prolonged microalbuminuria. This study aimed to determine the incidence of the most common microvascular complications in DM2 patients. Methods:We retrospectively evaluated the data of 126 patients who had undergone treatment in 2014. It includes anamnesis, laboratory, and physical examination data from the patient histories. All patients with early stage DM2 were separated into two groups based on the presence of albuminuria: Group I -macroalbuminuria and Group II -microalbuminuria (<300 mg). Analysis and statistical processing of the collected data were performed to evaluate microvascular complications and determine the incidence of albuminuria in the studied population. Results:The prevalence of macroalbuminuria was 60.3% (76 patients). In both groups, as in the total sample, the frequency of women was higher (57.9%). The prevalence of macroalbuminuria was strongly influenced by age (≥65 years) of the patients (72.4%, average age = 69.8±11.1 years). Microalbuminuria has been proven to be an extremely significant marker for development of microvascular complications in DM2 (retinopathy 39.5%, neuropathy 52.6%, and nephropathy 54%). Conclusion:Early diagnosis of microvascular complications and an adequate therapeutic approach is needed to prevent disability. Therefore, it is important to introduce the screening for the presence of microalbuminuria in practice, which will identify patients at increased risk of developing microvascular complications.

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Exploring the Prevalence of Undiagnosed Prediabetes, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, and Risk Factors in Adolescents: A Systematic Review

Cited by 23 publications

References 26 publications

The Effect of Resistance Exercise Intensity on Acute Hyperglycemia in Young Adult Males

The Effect of Resistance Exercise Intensity on Acute Hyperglycemia in Young Adult Males

Deviating glucose results in an international dual-center study. A root cause investigation

Frequency of Microvascular Complications in the Early Phase of Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 with Albuminuria

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