Exploring the Properties of the Torrefaction Process and Its Prospective in Treating Lignocellulosic Material

Ivanovski, Maja; Petrovič, Aleksandra; Goričanec, Darko; Urbancl, Danijela; Simonič, Marjana

doi:10.3390/en16186521

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 87 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Solid fuels maintain approximately 90% of their initial energy content, signifying that torrefied biomass exhibits a 10% to 20% increase in higher heating value (HHV) compared to untreated biomass. Subsequently, the solid biomass can undergo processing into pellets or briquettes (Ivanovski et al, 2023). Torrefaction requires lower temperatures and less energy with significantly greater yields (94%) as opposed to 33% with carbonization.…”

Section: Hhv Of the Torrefied Productmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of Residence Time of the Torrefaction Process on the Results of Pruning Kesambi Trees

Dethan,

Haba Bunga,

Ledo

et al. 2024

JTEP-L

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The excessive use of Kesambi (Schleichera oleosa) tree stems threatens the sustainability of Kesambi plants since it takes several decades for them to regenerate new stems. This research aims to determine the characteristics of torrefied Kesambi tree pruning. The used reactor has a diameter of 400 mm. An iron basket is positioned 100 mm above the reactor base, holding the material within an aluminum cylinder. The reactor temperature is maintained at 300°C using a K-type thermocouple sensor. A heater is placed near the reactor base and covered. The characteristics of the semi-charcoal biomass product are identified, including mass yield, water absorption capacity, moisture content (D3173, 2013); ash content (ASTM D1102-84. Standard Test Method for Ash in Wood, 2013); volatile matter (%) (ASTMD3175, 2011); and fixed carbon (%) (ASTM, 2013). The color of the leaves and the pruned Kesambi tree changes from brown to black as the residence time increases. The results of pruning the Kesambi tree at different torrefaction residence times indicate a decrease in mass yield with an increase in residence time, with the lowest mass yield observed at a residence time of 20 minutes. The water absorption capacity of torrefied Kesambi tree pruning material is found to be between 0.65% and 0.675%, or less than 1% and higher heating value (HHV) prediction 29.0750 MJ/kg.Keywords: Kesambi, Pruning, Residence, Time, Torrefaction

show abstract

Section: Hhv Of the Torrefied Productmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of Residence Time of the Torrefaction Process on the Results of Pruning Kesambi Trees

Dethan,

Haba Bunga,

Ledo

et al. 2024

JTEP-L

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Optimizing Waste for Energy: Exploring Municipal Solid Waste Variations on Torrefaction and Biochar Production

Mpungu,

Maube,

Nziu

et al. 2024

International Journal of Energy Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Energy primarily comes from fossil fuels, which leads to environmental deterioration through increased carbon dioxide load and other greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Renewable energy is a cheap alternative, and biomass, like municipal solid wastes (MSWs), can be suitably used for energy production. This paper reviews the impact of variations in MSW composition on its physical, chemical, and lignocellulosic properties. It further illustrates how these properties affect torrefaction products. It was observed that MSW can refer to either a combination of different waste types or independent wastes; hence, there is no standard composition of MSW. The variations in composition are responsible for fluctuating physical, chemical, and lignocellulosic properties. These properties, along with torrefaction process parameters, simultaneously affect the torrefied product, whereas lignocellulosic properties influence the biochar yield, and physical and chemical properties impact calorific value and ash content. Torrefying MSW containing low moisture content yields biochar with a high calorific value. Methods to improve the lignocellulosic properties of MSW have not been studied. Research is needed to assess the possibility of improving biochar yields in MSW by enhancing lignin percentages, possibly through blending MSW. A guide on the best blend combinations and ratios is required. Also, it is crucial to study optimal torrefaction process parameters.

show abstract

Rancang Bangun Sistem Kendali Suhu pada Reaktor Torefaksi Menggunakan Mikrokontroler

Telaumbanua,

Setiawan,

Haryanto

et al. 2024

JRPB

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Permintaan energi yang meningkat menyebabkan penurunan ketersediaan bahan bakar fosil. Biomassa dari limbah kelapa sawit yaitu tandan kosong kelapa sawit, dapat digunakan menjadi alternatif bahan bakar. Proses torefaksi mengubah biomassa menjadi biopelet yang ramah lingkungan dan bernilai tambah tinggi. Dalam penelitian ini, kalibrasi dari sensor termocouple tipe K dilakukan dengan Arduino Uno dan pengujian alat torefaksi otomatis pelet dari Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit (TKKS). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan sistem kendali otomatis untuk alat torefaksi pelet. Perancangan alat torefaksi otomatis menggunakan mikrokontroler dengan sumber energi kompor gas. Dimensi dari kerangka penyangga yaitu tabung torefaksi (24 cm x 28 cm), kerangka motor servo (15 cm x 9,5 cm), kerangka penyangga motor DC dan gearbox (26 cm x 6,5 cm). Kotak alat berbentuk persegi (50 cm x 50 cm). Tabung torefaksi memiliki volume 2.826 cm3, diameter 15 cm dan tinggi 16 cm. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, sistem berhasil mencapai suhu 300°C selama 30 menit dari suhu awal. Pengujian keakuratan suhu menghasilkan rata-rata nilai sebesar 92,12%. Stabilitas pengendalian suhu juga terbukti cukup baik dalam mencapai titik pengaturan yang ditentukan. Kadar air pelet torefaksi pada suhu 150-300°C sekitar 1-2%. Hidrofobisitas pelet hasil torefaksi suhu 250-300°C setelah direndam 24 jam memiliki warna yang lebih bening dan tetap utuh.

show abstract

Exploring the Properties of the Torrefaction Process and Its Prospective in Treating Lignocellulosic Material

Cited by 3 publications

References 87 publications

Characteristics of Residence Time of the Torrefaction Process on the Results of Pruning Kesambi Trees

Characteristics of Residence Time of the Torrefaction Process on the Results of Pruning Kesambi Trees

Optimizing Waste for Energy: Exploring Municipal Solid Waste Variations on Torrefaction and Biochar Production

Rancang Bangun Sistem Kendali Suhu pada Reaktor Torefaksi Menggunakan Mikrokontroler

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About