Exploring the Protective Efficacy of Native <i>Acacia catechu</i> Bark Extracts Against Fe²⁺ Induced Lipid Peroxidation

Abstract

Background: Acacia catechu is a valuable plant with diverse applications in traditional medicine, industry and ecological management. This plant is abundant in the Guna district of central India but lacks scientific research on its phytochemistry, properties, and medicinal uses. Aim: The present study analyzed six different bark extracts (methanol, ethanol, aqueous, acetone, chloroform and benzene) of native Acacia catechu for their concentration-dependent, season-dependent (winter, summer, and Manson), and solvent-dependent Lipid Peroxidation (LPO) inhibition potential. Methods: In this in vitro study, Fe2+ ions were used to induce LPO via oxidative stress in liver and kidney tissue homogenate, and the end product of the reaction, i.e., Malondialdehyde (MDA), was measured as MDA formed/hour/mg of protein. The bibliographic analysis was done using the dimention.ai database from 1999 to June 13th, 2024. Results: The results of the bibliographic study indicated that earlier no scientific study has been documented on the plant in question. The results of the experimental work indicated a marked increase in MDA level in FeSO4 treated tubes (p&lt;0.0001), which was seen to be decreased (p&lt;0.05 or less) in bark extracts as well as standard drug-treated tubes (p&lt;0.0001). In comparative analysis, the 125 µl/mg concentration was seen to exhibit the highest protection (p&lt;0.0001) among all tested concentrations, and the antioxidative capacity was seen in the order of ethanolic&gt;aqueous&gt;acetone&gt;methanolic&gt;chloroform&gt;benzene extracts, though seasonal impacts were inconsistent. Additionally, the pattern of antioxidative activity was seen to be highly correlated (R2 = 0.996) in both liver and kidney tissues. Conclusion: The current work may contribute to the comprehension and utilization of the antioxidative characteristics of plant extracts, which might result in notable progress in the fields of medicines, cosmetics, food preservation, agriculture, and environmental management.