Exploring the Redox Activity of a Transition-Metal-Intercalated 1,3,5-Benzenetricarboxylic Acid Organic–Inorganic Network for Potential Battery–Supercapacitor Applications

Abstract

The application of nontoxic metal−organic frameworks (MOFs) has recently gained ground in batteries, hybrid supercapacitors, and water splitting. Here, we prepared an unprecedented manganese-based MOF (trimesic acid used as a linker) via a hydrothermal approach to scrutinize its electrochemical properties. A three-electrode setup was developed in which the Mn-MOF exhibited a remarkable specific capacity with satisfactory capacity retention. Furthermore, a hybrid device was fabricated in such a way that the Mn-MOF and activated carbon were functionalized as positive and negative electrodes, respectively. The constructed Mn-MOF//AC device achieved exceptional specific capacity, energy, and power of 248.3 C/g, 60 Wh/kg, and 2550 W/kg, respectively. After 1000 galvanostatic charge-discharge cycles, the hybrid device resulted in an outstanding cycling stability of 98.57% and a Coulombic efficiency of 96.97%. The nature of the device was validated through power law and Dunn's model. Due to its electrochemical properties, Mn-MOF//AC is a promising choice for battery−supercapacitor devices in portable electronics.

Mini-Review on Organic Electrode Materials: Recent Breakthroughs and Advancement in Metal Ion Batteries

“…Following 1000 galvanostatic charge−discharge cycles, the hybrid device demonstrated exceptional cycling stability, maintaining 98.57% of its initial capacity, and achieving a Coulombic efficiency of 96.97%. 98 Shaheen et al reported a Cu-MOF and Co-MOF using benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylic acid as a linker. 99 The Cu-MOF when tested in a three-electrode test exhibited a specific capacity of 451.4 C g −1 at 3 mV s −1 , while the Co-MOF, which is 103.4 C g −1 , because of the rapid transfer of ions in Cu-MOF, since copper has an electrical conductivity of 58 MS m −1 .…”

“…Aziz et al reported Mn-MOF utilizing 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylic acid as a linker, which exhibited exceptional specific capacity, energy, and power of 248.3 C/g, 60 Wh/kg, and 2550 W/kg, respectively. Following 1000 galvanostatic charge–discharge cycles, the hybrid device demonstrated exceptional cycling stability, maintaining 98.57% of its initial capacity, and achieving a Coulombic efficiency of 96.97% . Shaheen et al reported a Cu-MOF and Co-MOF using benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylic acid as a linker .…”