“…These include studies from the US (Alexander & Aaron, 1985;Gamoran, 1996;Levin, 1998;C. Lubienski & Lubienski, 2014; S. T. Lubienski & Lubienski, 2006;Witte, 1992Witte, , 1998, the UK (Gorard, 2006), as well as cross-national studies (Benito et al, 2014;Jehangir, Glas, & van den Berg, 2015;Mostafa, 2010).…”