“…For instance, Best Worst Method (BWM; Khan et al , 2022), Gravity Theory (Ali et al , 2022), Decision Tree (Kohilavani et al , 2021) (DT), Theory of Constraints (Talib, 2021), Classical Secularization Theory (Calder, 2020) and Game Theory (Abdullahi, 2019) have analysed halal marketers’ behavior. Further, upstream e - stakeholders are explained in fuzzy decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL; Khan et al , 2019), stakeholder theory (ST; Al-Nasser Mohammed and Muhammed, 2017), Grounded Theory (Bakar et al , 2014), Theory of Religion (Lever and Miele, 2012), Pareto analysis (Talib et al , 2015a) and Critical Success Factors (CSFs) analysis (Talib et al , 2015b). In addition, the resource-based view (RBV) and institutional theory (IT) explain halal certification through halal marketing (Abd Rahman et al , 2017; Talib et al , 2020, 2017, 2016a, 2016b; Suharko et al , 2018).…”