Exploring the relationship between residential segregation and thermal inequity in 20 U.S. cities

Mitchell, Bruce; Chakraborty, Jayajit

doi:10.1080/13549839.2018.1474861

Cited by 72 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…Despite these concerns, our study found that LI and No HS populations in Montreal suffer environmental injustice related to the UHI effect, consistent with existing studies (Jafry et al 2018; Mitchell and Chakraborty 2018). We did not investigate the rate of ownership; however, research has shown that it is one of the strongest deterrents for heat mortality (Rosenthal et al 2014).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

Montreal's environmental justice problem with respect to the urban heat island phenomenon

Fan

Sengupta

2021

Canadian Geographies / Géographies canadiennes

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Due to climate change, heat events in Canada have become more extreme in intensity and frequency and will continue to do so according to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's global predictions. Environmental justice research has indicated that extreme heat exposure disproportionally affects socio‐economically disadvantaged populations in cities. The objective of this research was to determine whether such a phenomenon exists in Montreal, Canada. Temperature data were obtained through in‐situ sensors and governmental weather stations, while census data were retrieved from Statistics Canada through the Census mapper. Correlation tests were run between temperature and five demographic and socio‐economic variables measured inside a 500 m buffer around the temperature sensors. The variables included Indigenous Peoples (IND), people of 65 years old and over (Over 65), people between 25 and 64 years old without a high school degree (No HS), and low‐income (LI). A positive correlation was found for LI and No HS (p < 0.05). A regression test performed with interpolated temperature and the demographic and socio‐economic variables across the study area revealed no significant correlation due to spatial heterogeneity.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

Montreal's environmental justice problem with respect to the urban heat island phenomenon

Fan

Sengupta

2021

Canadian Geographies / Géographies canadiennes

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“…Literature on thermal inequities is beginning to emerge, although studies are often general or limited to specific case studies. Mitchell and Chakraborty [15,16] used the term to describe the unequal distribution of the urban heat island impacts amongst populations in Florida. Wong et al [17] found thermal inequities in age, marital status, occupation, education attainment, and income throughout Hong Kong.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dimensions of Thermal Inequity: Neighborhood Social Demographics and Urban Heat in the Southwestern U.S.

Dialesandro

Brazil

Wheeler

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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Exposure to heat is a growing public health concern as climate change accelerates worldwide. Different socioeconomic and racial groups often face unequal exposure to heat as well as increased heat-related sickness, mortality, and energy costs. We provide new insight into thermal inequities by analyzing 20 Southwestern U.S. metropolitan regions at the census block group scale for three temperature scenarios (average summer heat, extreme summer heat, and average summer nighttime heat). We first compared average temperatures for top and bottom decile block groups according to demographic variables. Then we used spatial regression models to investigate the extent to which exposure to heat (measured by land surface temperature) varies according to income and race. Large thermal inequities exist within all the regions studied. On average, the poorest 10% of neighborhoods in an urban region were 2.2 °C (4 °F) hotter than the wealthiest 10% on both extreme heat days and average summer days. The difference was as high as 3.3–3.7 °C (6–7 °F) in California metro areas such as Palm Springs and the Inland Empire. A similar pattern held for Latinx neighborhoods. Temperature disparities at night were much smaller (usually ~1 °F). Disparities for Black neighborhoods were also lower, perhaps because Black populations are small in most of these cities. California urban regions show stronger thermal disparities than those in other Southwestern states, perhaps because inexpensive water has led to more extensive vegetation in affluent neighborhoods. Our findings provide new details about urban thermal inequities and reinforce the need for programs to reduce the disproportionate heat experienced by disadvantaged communities.

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“…Likewise, it is important to highlight the areas identified as new urban areas within the current concentration of the city [13]. However, a few of them are located with the presence of SUHI in a block of low socioeconomic classification, while only one is located in the area of SUCI, with a high socioeconomic classification.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although heat waves affect entire cities, entire metropolitan areas, or larger regions, their intensity is spatially variable, causing differential effects on neighborhoods [13,14]. This situation is especially critical in cities where the location of neighborhoods, the type of building structure, density, and the availability of green areas depend on socioeconomic factors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urban Heat Islands and Vulnerable Populations in a Mid-Size Coastal City in an Arid Environment

et al. 2021

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Arica is a coastal city located in northern Chile, in the Atacama Desert. The behavior of surface temperatures in the city between 1985 and 2019 was studied using Landsat satellite images, leading to the identification of surface urban heat islands (SUHI), surface urban cold islands (SUCI), and average temperature zones. The higher intensities of the SUHI reach values of almost 45 °C and the SUCI lower values are below 13 °C. From the socioeconomic characterisation of the population based on indicators retrieved from the 2012 and 2017 population censuses, we identified that during the study period there was a lower presence of SUHI, but these were linked to spaces of lower socioeconomic level and, for the most part, would form new urban spaces within the city. On the other hand, SUCI had a greater spatial presence in the study area and in the urban morphology, being found mostly in areas of high socioeconomic level and in consolidated spaces with few possibilities of generating new constructions.

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Exploring the relationship between residential segregation and thermal inequity in 20 U.S. cities

Cited by 72 publications

References 65 publications

Montreal's environmental justice problem with respect to the urban heat island phenomenon

Montreal's environmental justice problem with respect to the urban heat island phenomenon

Dimensions of Thermal Inequity: Neighborhood Social Demographics and Urban Heat in the Southwestern U.S.

Urban Heat Islands and Vulnerable Populations in a Mid-Size Coastal City in an Arid Environment

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