Exploring the Self-Reported Physical and Psychological Effects in a Population Exposed to a Regional Conflict

Abstract

Background Conflict profoundly impacts community health and well-being. While post-conflict research exists, little is known about initial effects during active hostilities. Objective To assess self-reported changes in health behaviors, distress, and care access within one month of regional warfare onset in a conflict-affected community. Methods An online survey was conducted in November 2023 among 501 residents (mean age 40.5 years) of a community where war began October 7th. Measures evaluated physical health, mental health, diet, substance use, sleep, weight changes, and healthcare access before and after the declaration of war. Results Relative to pre-war, respondents reported significantly increased rates of tobacco (56%) and alcohol (15%) consumption, worsening sleep quality (63%), elevated distress (18% sought help; 14% needed but didn’t receive it), and postponed medical care (36%). Over a third reported weight changes. Distress was higher among females and those endorsing maladaptive coping. Conclusion Within one month, substantial impacts on community psychosocial and behavioral health emerged. Unmet mental health needs and risk-taking behaviors were early indicators of conflict’s health consequences. Continuous monitoring of conflict-affected communities is needed to inform tailored interventions promoting resilience and prevent entrenchment of harms over time.