“…However, academic research is overwhelmingly focused on understanding and responding to the negative experiences of first generation newcomer youth during settlement, integration and social inclusion. Recent studies have examined structural barriers to academic achievement (Grahahm & Juvonen, 2002;Karlovic, 2004;Ontario Council of Agencies Serving Immigrants, 2009;Phan, 2003), low English/French language proficiency (Karlovic, 2004;Ontario Council of Agencies Serving Immigrants, 2009), employment barriers (Quirke, 2011;Yan, Lauer & Jhangiani, 2008), cultural conflict (Ontario Council of Agencies Serving Immigrants, 2009; Zhou, 1997), mental health (Beiser, Taa, Fenta-Wube, Pain & Araya, 2012), intergenerational conflict (Hyman, Vu & Beiser, 2000;Hynie, Guruge & Shakya, 2012;Qin, Way & Mukherjee, 2008), criminal and delinquent behavior (Ontario Council of Agencies Serving Immigrants, 2009;Rossiter & Rossiter, 2009), gang involvement (Rossiter & Rossiter, 2009) and racism and discrimination (Arthur, Chaves, Este, Frideres & Hrycak, 2008;Del Villar Nash, 2011;Graham & Juvonen, 2002;Grossman & Liang, 2008;Mesch, Turjeman & Fishman, 2007;Phan, 2003).…”