Exploring the skin microbiome in atopic dermatitis pathogenesis and disease modification

Hülpüsch, Claudia; Rohayem, Robin; Reiger, Matthias; Traidl-Hoffmann, Claudia

doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2024.04.029

Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology

2024

DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2024.04.029

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Exploring the skin microbiome in atopic dermatitis pathogenesis and disease modification

Claudia Hülpüsch,

Robin Rohayem,

Matthias Reiger

et al.

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2024

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Cited by 4 publications

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Atopic dermatitis: pathogenesis and therapeutic intervention

Yue,

Zhou,

Wang

et al. 2024

MedComm

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The skin serves as the first protective barrier for nonspecific immunity and encompasses a vast network of skin‐associated immune cells. Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a prevalent inflammatory skin disease that affects individuals of all ages and races, with a complex pathogenesis intricately linked to genetic, environmental factors, skin barrier dysfunction as well as immune dysfunction. Individuals diagnosed with AD frequently exhibit genetic predispositions, characterized by mutations that impact the structural integrity of the skin barrier. This barrier dysfunction leads to the release of alarmins, activating the type 2 immune pathway and recruiting various immune cells to the skin, where they coordinate cutaneous immune responses. In this review, we summarize experimental models of AD and provide an overview of its pathogenesis and the therapeutic interventions. We focus on elucidating the intricate interplay between the immune system of the skin and the complex regulatory mechanisms, as well as commonly used treatments for AD, aiming to systematically understand the cellular and molecular crosstalk in AD‐affected skin. Our overarching objective is to provide novel insights and inform potential clinical interventions to reduce the incidence and impact of AD.

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Atopic dermatitis: pathogenesis and therapeutic intervention

Yue,

Zhou,

Wang

et al. 2024

MedComm

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Understanding the role of Staphylococcus aureus in atopic dermatitis: strain diversity, microevolution, and prophage influences

Wang,

Hülpüsch,

Traidl-Hoffmann

et al. 2024

Front. Med.

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Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a prevalent inflammatory skin disorder characterized by chronic inflammation, skin barrier dysfunction, and microbial dysbiosis, with Staphylococcus aureus playing a significant role in its pathogenesis. This paper explores the strain diversity and microevolution of S. aureus within AD patients, emphasizing how specific strains adapt to the altered skin environment, exacerbating the condition. The review emphasizes the significance of variation in specific functional genes among S. aureus strains, which enhances their ability to adapt to different microenvironments and shapes their pathogenic potential. It also discusses how mobile genetic elements, particularly prophages, contribute to genetic diversity and drive the virulence and antibiotic resistance of S. aureus in AD, highlighting the clinical challenges posed by these strain-specific factors in managing the disease. The paper advocates for the integration of advanced genomic tools such as whole-genome sequencing and machine learning to develop targeted therapies. By focusing on the genetic adaptability of S. aureus and its impact on AD, this review underscores the need for strain-specific diagnostics and personalized treatment strategies to improve patient outcomes.

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Resolution of Chronic Inflammation, Restoration of Epigenetic Disturbances and Correction of Dysbiosis as an Adjunctive Approach to the Treatment of Atopic Dermatitis

Livshits,

Kalinkovich

2024

Cells

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Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease with multifactorial and unclear pathogenesis. Its development is characterized by two key elements: epigenetic dysregulation of molecular pathways involved in AD pathogenesis and disrupted skin and gut microbiota (dysbiosis) that jointly trigger and maintain chronic inflammation, a core AD characteristic. Current data suggest that failed inflammation resolution is the main pathogenic mechanism underlying AD development. Inflammation resolution is provided by specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) derived from dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids acting through cognate receptors. SPM levels are reduced in AD patients. Administration of SPMs or their stable, small-molecule mimetics and receptor agonists, as well as supplementation with probiotics/prebiotics, demonstrate beneficial effects in AD animal models. Epidrugs, compounds capable of restoring disrupted epigenetic mechanisms associated with the disease, improve impaired skin barrier function in AD models. Based on these findings, we propose a novel, multilevel AD treatment strategy aimed at resolving chronic inflammation by application of SPM mimetics and receptor agonists, probiotics/prebiotics, and epi-drugs. This approach can be used in conjunction with current AD therapy, resulting in AD alleviation.

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Exploring the skin microbiome in atopic dermatitis pathogenesis and disease modification

Cited by 4 publications

References 173 publications

Atopic dermatitis: pathogenesis and therapeutic intervention

Atopic dermatitis: pathogenesis and therapeutic intervention

Understanding the role of Staphylococcus aureus in atopic dermatitis: strain diversity, microevolution, and prophage influences

Resolution of Chronic Inflammation, Restoration of Epigenetic Disturbances and Correction of Dysbiosis as an Adjunctive Approach to the Treatment of Atopic Dermatitis

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