“…Among many features of successful funding that have been investigated in the research, such as those related to the project, the sponsors, the creator, the platform, soft information, hard information, and other environmental factors, soft information factors have been found to be one promising driver of behaviors, and a focus of recent research studies (e.g. Hou et al ., 2023; Li et al ., 2022; Liu et al ., 2023). Individual perceptions of a potential crowdfunding project from the features of a listing, including text and images, contribute to the development of pre-funding beliefs, in the same way that they do for a product or service (Oliver, 1980).…”