Exploring Tourism Recovery in the Post-COVID-19 Period: An Evolutionary Game Theory Approach

Abstract

This study aims to explore the process of tourism recovery in the post-COVID-19 period and the role of stakeholders in promoting such a process. Using evolutionary game theory, this study analyzes the behavior interactions and game equilibrium of stakeholders in the development of tourism by constructing an evolutionary game model amongst governments, tourists and tourism enterprises. Then, the influences of different evolution paths and major parameters affecting stakeholders’ strategy selection are discussed. With the aim of illustrating the role of the stakeholders in the tourism sector’s economic recovery under the impact of the coronavirus pandemic, the numerical experiment was conducted using the MATLAB 2016 software. The results show that the development and change of the emergent public health events affect tourism stakeholders’ behavior strategy. Moreover, the strategic choices of each player, including governments, tourism enterprises and tourists, are also constantly evolving at different stages of the pandemic.

Evolutionary game analysis between employees and employers about working overtime from the perspective of information asymmetry

“…ESS is used to describe a strategy, that is, when the majority of individuals in the population choose a strategy, the group that chooses the mutation strategy cannot invade the group containing the majority of individuals, because it contains fewer individuals, so ESS has good stability in the process of the evolutionary game [ 45 ]. RD was proposed by Taylor and Jahnke [ 46 ], it refers to the ability of individuals to frequently adjust themselves through imitation, learning, and selection of the current situation [ 47 ].…”

A comprehensive review on variants of SARS-CoVs-2: Challenges, solutions and open issues

“…As the behaviors of tourism stakeholders affected by the pandemic are complex and change over time, the future growth of tourism cannot be judged based on how the pandemic is affecting it now or by comparing it to other public crises. Implementing the evolutionary game method to the evolution interpretation of tourism recovering under the impact of the pandemic can help explain how the behaviors of tourism stakeholders are affected by the pandemic, make policy suggestions for tourism recovery, and reduce the effects of the global epidemic on the tourism sector [54] .…”

The impact of penalty and subsidy mechanisms on the decisions of the government, businesses, and consumers during COVID-19 ——Tripartite evolutionary game theory analysis

“…Yan et al [17] aimed to explore the process of tourism recovery in the post-COVID-19 era. By constructing an evolutionary game model between the government, tourists, and tourism enterprises, he found that the development and change of public health emergencies affect the behavioral strategies of tourism stakeholders.…”