Exploring underlying causes and assessing damages of 2010 flash flood in the upper zone of Panjkora River

Mahmood, Shakeel; Khan, Amin-ul-Haq; Mayo, Shaker Mahmood

doi:10.1007/s11069-016-2386-x

Cited by 44 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…The sub-basins located in the upper reach have snow-covered peaks and accumulate snow in narrow valleys. It receives intense rainfall particularly from thunder storms in the pre-and post-monsoon seasons (Mahmood et al 2016a). The rainfall also increases the melting of snow, so the combined effect of rainwater and meltwater generates flash floods without prior warning with disastrous consequences.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Flash flood susceptibility modelling using geomorphometric approach in the Ushairy Basin, eastern Hindu Kush

Mahmood

Rahman

2019

J Earth Syst Sci

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This study focuses on flash flood susceptibility modelling using geomorphometric ranking approach in the Ushairy Basin. In the study area, flash floods are highly unpredictable and the worst hydrometeorological disaster. An advanced spaceborne thermal emission and reflection radiometer global digital elevation model was used as input data in a geographic information system environment to delineate the target basin. A total of 17 sub-basins were delimited using a threshold of 4km 2. The attribute information of each sub-basin was analysed to compute the geomorphometric parameters by applying Hortonian and Strahler geomorphological models. The results were analysed and categorised into five classes using statistical techniques, and the rank score was assigned to each class of all parameters depending on their relation with flash flood risk. In this study, 16 parameters were analysed to quantify the geomorphometric number of each sub-basin depicting the degree of flash flood susceptibility. The geomorphometric number of each sub-basin was linked to the geo-database for spatial visualisation. The analysis reveals that extremely high, very high, high and moderate sub-basins susceptible to flash floods were spread over an area of 55%, 8.5%, 23.7%, and 11.5%, respectively. It was found that out of total settlements, 53% are located in the extremely highly and very highly susceptible sub-basins. In the study area, the upper reaches are characterised by snow-covered peaks, steep slopes and high drainage densities (>1.7 km/km 2). The analysis further indicated that the flash flood susceptibility increases with the increase in area, relief and relief ratio of the sub-basins. Model accuracy was assessed using primary data regarding past flood damages and human fatalities. Similarly, socio-demographic conditions of each sub-basin were also compared and linked to the extent of flash flood susceptibility. This study may assist the district government and district disaster management authority of Dir upper to initiate flood risk reduction strategies in highly susceptible zones of the Ushairy Basin.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The multifaceted interaction of geomorphometric and hydro-climatic parameters with the landscapes and morphological structures of the watershed generates disastrous flash floods (Korytny and Kichigina 2006;Creutin et al 2013). This has increased the potential for flash flood causalities and related damages (Mahmood et al 2016a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flash flood susceptibility modelling using geomorphometric approach in the Ushairy Basin, eastern Hindu Kush

Mahmood

Rahman

2019

J Earth Syst Sci

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“…Pakistan is a flood-prone country with historical records of various magnitudes of flood events [37,53,54]. In the past decade, flood disasters in Pakistan have surpassed all other disasters in terms of the frequency of occurrences, and also killed over 5700 people coupled with severe damages to the country's economy [5,12,15,17].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Operational Monitoring and Damage Assessment of Riverine Flood-2014 in the Lower Chenab Plain, Punjab, Pakistan, Using Remote Sensing and GIS Techniques

Sajjad

Chen

et al. 2020

Remote Sensing

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In flood-prone areas, the delineation of the spatial pattern of historical flood extents, damage assessment, and flood durations allow planners to anticipate potential threats from floods and to formulate strategies to mitigate or abate these events. The Chenab plain in the Punjab region of Pakistan is particularly prone to flooding but is understudied. It experienced its worst riverine flood in recorded history in September 2014. The present study applies Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographical Information System (GIS) techniques to estimate the riverine flood extent and duration and assess the resulting damage using Landsat-8 data. The Landsat-8 images were acquired for the pre-flooding, co-flooding, and post-flooding periods for the comprehensive analysis and delineation of flood extent, damage assessment, and duration. We used supervised classification to determine land use/cover changes, and the satellite-derived modified normalized difference water index (MNDWI) to detect flooded areas and duration. The analysis permitted us to calculate flood inundation, damages to built-up areas, and agriculture, as well as the flood duration and recession. The results also reveal that the floodwaters remained in the study area for almost two months, which further affected cultivation and increased the financial cost. Our study provides an empirical basis for flood response assessment and rehabilitation efforts in future events. Thus, the integrated RS and GIS techniques with supporting datasets make substantial contributions to flood monitoring and damage assessment in Pakistan.

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“…The risk assessment considers the risk (R) as 'the probability of occurrence of hazardous events or trends multiplied by the consequences if these events occur' [44]. The risk is therefore the product of the hazard (H), or 'the potential occurrence of a natural or human-induced physical event or trend, or physical impact, that may cause loss of life, injury, or other health impacts, as well as damage and loss to property, infrastructure, livelihoods, service provision, and environmental resources' and the potential damages (D): R = H × D. The damages from flooding have already been considered as a determinant of the risk in Niger [45], in the Global South [46][47][48][49][50][51], and in the OECD member states [52,53]. The equation used is an alternative to the one that includes exposure, vulnerability, and adaptation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flood Assessment for Risk-Informed Planning along the Sirba River, Niger

et al. 2019

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South of the Sahara, flood vulnerability and risk assessments at local level rarely identify the exposed areas according to the probability of flooding or the actions in place, or localize the exposed items. They are, therefore, of little use for local development, risk prevention, and contingency planning. The aim of this article is to assess the flood risk, providing useful information for local planning and an assessment methodology useful for other case studies. As a result, the first step involves identifying the information required by the local plans most used south of the Sahara. Four rural communities in Niger, frequently flooded by the Sirba River, are then considered. The risk is the product of the probability of a flood multiplied by the potential damage. Local knowledge and knowledge derived from a hydraulic numerical model, digital terrain model, very high resolution multispectral orthoimages, and daily precipitation are used. The assessment identifies the probability of fluvial and pluvial flooding, the exposed areas, the position, quantity, type, replacement value of exposed items, and the risk level according to three flooding scenarios. Fifteen actions are suggested to reduce the risk and to turn adversity into opportunity.

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Exploring underlying causes and assessing damages of 2010 flash flood in the upper zone of Panjkora River

Cited by 44 publications

References 31 publications

Flash flood susceptibility modelling using geomorphometric approach in the Ushairy Basin, eastern Hindu Kush

Flash flood susceptibility modelling using geomorphometric approach in the Ushairy Basin, eastern Hindu Kush

Operational Monitoring and Damage Assessment of Riverine Flood-2014 in the Lower Chenab Plain, Punjab, Pakistan, Using Remote Sensing and GIS Techniques

Flood Assessment for Risk-Informed Planning along the Sirba River, Niger

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