Explosion Waves Accompanying the Eruptions of Myojin Reef

Miyoshi, Hisashi

doi:10.5928/kaiyou1942.11.157

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…There are some scattered photos, videos and ASTER satellite images recording some of these eruptions (Global Volcanism Program, 2014). The Myojin‐Sho volcano erupted several times in September,1952 and two eruptions on September 23 were recorded in a series of photos (Miyoshi, 1955; Morimoto, 1960). The wave and acoustic pressure data associated with this series of eruptions were detected by a wave gauge in Hachijo Island and a U.S. Navy Sofar station at California, respectively (Dietz & Sheehy, 1954; Nakano et al., 1954).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laboratory Experiments on Tsunamigenic Discrete Subaqueous Volcanic Eruptions. Part 1: Free Surface Disturbances

et al. 2021

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A submarine volcanic eruption has the potential to generate a dangerous local tsunami.To better understand the free surface disturbance generated by an underwater volcanic eruption, which will form the initial condition for any subsequent wave generation, we conducted a series of laboratory experiments. In these experiments, compressed air was injected into a tank filled with water to simulate an underwater eruption. The experiments were repeated over a range of different pressures and water depths. Each eruption can be divided into three phases: A momentum-driven jet, a buoyancy-driven plume, and a fountain-generation regime. Our experiments exhibit two fountain regimes (a dome regime and a finger regime), with a transition between them. These fountain regimes have been observed in several real submarine volcanic eruptions. This paper proposes a Froude number criterion to combine the water depths and source conditions together with the aspect ratios of fountains to quantify different fountain regimes. This quantitative relationship holds for two real subaqueous volcanic eruption cases (Myojin-Sho eruption in 1952 and 1996 eruption in Karymskoye Lake). The fountain of the Myojin-Sho shallow submarine eruption on September 23,1952 appears to have been in the dome regime, which means it was a relatively weak eruption. Unlike other eruptions from this volcano, which did generate tsunamis, no tsunami waves were detected on September 23 . This study contributes to an enhanced understanding of the usually unseen mechanism of free surface disturbances by volcanic gas injection during submarine eruptions.Plain Language Summary Underwater volcanic eruptions inject hot magma into cold ambient water. The interaction between magma and water creates steam explosions which can displace a large amount of water. An eruption occurring in shallow enough water and with sufficiently strong energy will be able to disturb the water surface and even initiate a tsunami. As these eruptions are hidden beneath water, their direct observation near their vents is difficult and dangerous, while the water surface disturbances are much easier and safer to measure. In order to understand the relationship between different kinds of eruptions and their disturbance of the water surface, we model underwater volcanic eruptions in the laboratory by injecting compressed air into water. We observe three main shapes of fountains on the water surface in our experiments: a) finger-like; b) dome-like; c) shapes intermediate between them. A finger-shaped fountain accompanied by a large number of splashes normally occurs at shallow-water depths and/or in an eruption with intense source strength, while a dome-shaped fountain occurs under the opposite conditions. We find a good consistency between our experimental results and field observations, which means that we are able to estimate the unseen source conditions from the observed free surface disturbances. SHEN ET AL.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laboratory Experiments on Tsunamigenic Discrete Subaqueous Volcanic Eruptions. Part 1: Free Surface Disturbances

et al. 2021

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“…A large, eruption-related dome of water was observed at Bogoslof on July 7, 1908 (Prosser, 1911). An apparently similar dome of water was observed during a 1952 submarine eruption of Myojin Reef volcano (Japan) that collapsed and formed a nearfield tsunami with a wave amplitude of 2 m and a wavelength of 50 m (Miyoshi, 1955). Other submarine-explosion-generated tsunamis occurred throughout the 1952-53 Myojin eruption and at least one of them resulted in tsunami waves with amplitudes of 1 m at distances of up to 130 km from the eruption site (Mirchina and Pelinovsky, 1988).…”

Section: Explosively Generated Water Wavesmentioning

confidence: 54%

Historical eruptions and hazards at Bogoslof volcano, Alaska

Waythomas¹,

Cameron²

2018

Scientific Investigations Report

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Explosion Waves Accompanying the Eruptions of Myojin Reef

Cited by 2 publications

References 3 publications

Laboratory Experiments on Tsunamigenic Discrete Subaqueous Volcanic Eruptions. Part 1: Free Surface Disturbances

Laboratory Experiments on Tsunamigenic Discrete Subaqueous Volcanic Eruptions. Part 1: Free Surface Disturbances

Historical eruptions and hazards at Bogoslof volcano, Alaska

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