Explosions and Blast Injury

Frykberg, Eric R.

doi:10.1007/978-0-387-09412-0_11

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…This is an interesting task for future research. On the other hand most of these injuries involve soft tissue and skeletal injuries that are not life threatening (Frykberg, 2009). The effect of quaternary blast injury in terms of structural collapse in Madrid, as the pictures indicate, was not so large; this mechanism clearly would have increased the level of injury and death according to Frykberg (2009).…”

Section: Methodological Considerationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effectiveness of finite-element modelling of damage and injuries for explosions inside trains

Larcher

Forsberg

Björnstig

et al. 2016

Journal of Transportation Safety & Security

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The rail-bound sector has become a preferred target of terrorist attacks because of its vulnerability, and the most frequent way to carry out these attacks has been the use of explosive devices. The aim of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of modelling detonation effects inside train carriages using explicit finite element techniques. The numerical simulations consider fluid-structure interaction phenomena and several parametric studies are conducted. Carriage damage and injuries to the passengers are examined. Displacements in the model of the carriage structure do not vary greatly for small changes of the charge size, its location, or by open doors. Changing charge size, the location of the detonation, and door setting, however, had significant impact on the risk of eardrum rupture and fatality. Comparison of the simulation and real life data demonstrate a good agreement between the real and calculated displacements of the carriage, whereas the risk of death and eardrum rupture is slightly higher in the calculations. The model presented can reproduce a reliable actual situation if more parameters that influence injuries of blast waves were considered.

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Section: Methodological Considerationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effectiveness of finite-element modelling of damage and injuries for explosions inside trains

Larcher

Forsberg

Björnstig

et al. 2016

Journal of Transportation Safety & Security

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“…ere is a wealth of extant research on the biological effects of overpressure on the lungs [18][19][20]. However, the precise mechanism of injury is not known yet.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Explosion Shock Waves on Lung Injuries in Rabbits

Sun

Qian

Shu

et al. 2021

Shock and Vibration

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The purpose of this study was to explore the damage effects and injury mechanism of free-field explosion shock waves on rabbit lungs. Six free-field explosion experiments, each with 500 g trinitrotoluene (TNT), were conducted as the shock wave overpressure acting on the rabbits was measured. The peak overpressure of the shock wave was 533, 390, 249, 102, and 69 kPa at the respective test points. Damage to the rabbit lungs caused by shock wave overpressure was investigated through observation, anatomical analysis, and hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining processing. The shock wave overpressure of 69–102 kPa caused mild-to-moderate injury; the shock wave overpressure of 102–249 kPa caused moderate injury; the shock wave overpressure of 249–390 kPa resulted in moderate-to-severe injury; and the shock wave overpressure of 390–533 kPa caused severe injury to the rabbit. Mild, moderate, and severe injuries destroyed some, most, or all alveolar structures, correspondingly, as well as producing partial cell apoptosis. The overpressure damage mechanism primarily involves the collapse and rupture of pulmonary alveolus in the lung tissue. As a novel attempt, the investigation provided here may serve to improve the current shock wave injury mechanism.

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Terror-Related Trauma

Acker

Atar

2016

Orthopedics in Disasters

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Explosions and Blast Injury

Cited by 3 publications

References 62 publications

Effectiveness of finite-element modelling of damage and injuries for explosions inside trains

Effectiveness of finite-element modelling of damage and injuries for explosions inside trains

Effects of Explosion Shock Waves on Lung Injuries in Rabbits

Terror-Related Trauma

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