Explosive Radiation of Malpighiales Supports a Mid‐Cretaceous Origin of Modern Tropical Rain Forests

Davis, Charles C.; Webb, Campbell O.; Wurdack, Kenneth J.; Jaramillo, Carlos; Donoghue, Michael J.

doi:10.1086/428296

Cited by 331 publications

(345 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…This interval partially coincides with our inferred dates of the divergence for the rosid crown group and of the Fabidae and Malvidae. The results of these diversifications are already well-marked in the Late Cretaceous, by which time taxa related to Saxifragales, Rosales, Malpighiales, and Fagales are common, as confirmed by well-preserved charcoalified floral remains (37,40,41).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…To place this in perspective, this narrow window of initial diversification of 4-5 million years represents a timeframe comparable to the rapid radiation of the Hawaiian silversword alliance (Asteraceae), which arose from a North American ancestor 5 Mya (36). Saxifragales (23), Malpighiales (34,37), and Mesangiospermae (6) also each appear to have arisen and diversified over a very short period.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, Davis et al (37) concluded that Malpighiales are very old and began to diversify during the mid-Cretaceous (Ϸ112-94 Mya), perhaps as small to mid-sized trees in tropical rain forest understories. A similar window of diversification is seen in woody species in clades other than the rosids, such as the woody Saxifragales [e.g., Altingiaceae (23)].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rosid radiation and the rapid rise of angiosperm-dominated forests

Wang

Moore

Soltis

et al. 2009

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

402

381

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The rosid clade (70,000 species) contains more than one-fourth of all angiosperm species and includes most lineages of extant temperate and tropical forest trees. Despite progress in elucidating relationships within the angiosperms, rosids remain the largest poorly resolved major clade; deep relationships within the rosids are particularly enigmatic. Based on parsimony and maximum likelihood (ML) analyses of separate and combined 12-gene (10 plastid genes, 2 nuclear; >18,000 bp) and plastid inverted repeat (IR; 24 genes and intervening spacers; >25,000 bp) datasets for >100 rosid species, we provide a greatly improved understanding of rosid phylogeny. Vitaceae are sister to all other rosids, which in turn form 2 large clades, each with a ML bootstrap value of 100%: (i) eurosids I (Fabidae) include the nitrogen-fixing clade, Celastrales, Huaceae, Zygophyllales, Malpighiales, and Oxalidales; and (ii) eurosids II (Malvidae) include Tapisciaceae, Brassicales, Malvales, Sapindales, Geraniales, Myrtales, Crossosomatales, and Picramniaceae. The rosid clade diversified rapidly into these major lineages, possibly over a period of <15 million years, and perhaps in as little as 4 to 5 million years. The timing of the inferred rapid radiation of rosids [108 to 91 million years ago (Mya) and 107-83 Mya for Fabidae and Malvidae, respectively] corresponds with the rapid rise of angiosperm-dominated forests and the concomitant diversification of other clades that inhabit these forests, including amphibians, ants, placental mammals, and ferns. community assembly ͉ divergence time estimates ͉ phylogeny ͉ rapid radiation G reat progress has been made in elucidating deep-level angiosperm relationships during the past decade. The eudicot clade, with Ϸ75% of all angiosperm species, comprises several major subclades: rosids, asterids, Saxifragales, Santalales, and Caryophyllales (1-3). Investigations have converged on the branching pattern of the basalmost angiosperms, revealing that Amborellaceae, Nymphaeales [in the sense of APG II (3) and including Hydatellaceae (4)], and Austrobaileyales are successive sisters to all other extant angiosperms (reviewed in ref.2). Analyses of complete plastid genome sequences have resolved other problematic deep-level relationships, suggesting that Chloranthaceae and magnoliids are sister to a clade of monocots and eudicots plus Ceratophyllaceae (5, 6). Likewise, progress has been made in clarifying relationships within the large monocot (7) and asterid (8) clades.Despite these successes, the rosids stand out as the largest and least-resolved major clade of angiosperms; basal nodes within the clade have consistently received low internal support (1, 2, 9, 10). The rosid clade comprises Ϸ70,000 species and 140 families (2, 11). Containing more than a quarter of total angiosperm and Ϸ39% of eudicot species diversity, the rosid clade is broader in circumscription than the traditional Rosidae or Rosanae (e.g., 12; reviewed in ref.2). The oldest fossil flowers conforming to the rosids are from the late S...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Rosid radiation and the rapid rise of angiosperm-dominated forests

Wang

Moore

Soltis

et al. 2009

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

402

381

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“…Centroplacaceae was not placed with confidence, however. To resolve this uncertainty, we collected nucleotide sequence data from the plastid inverted repeat region (IR; i.e., 19 plastid genes plus intervening spacers; ∼25,000 base pairs), which has been shown (31) to have great utility for resolving ancient rapid radiations like Malpighiales (32). Results from our analyses (Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term morphological stasis maintained by a plant–pollinator mutualism

Davis

Schaefer

et al. 2014

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Many major branches in the Tree of Life are marked by stereotyped body plans that have been maintained over long periods of time. One possible explanation for this stasis is that there are genetic or developmental constraints that restrict the origin of novel body plans. An alternative is that basic body plans are potentially quite labile, but are actively maintained by natural selection. We present evidence that the conserved floral morphology of a species-rich flowering plant clade, Malpighiaceae, has been actively maintained for tens of millions of years via stabilizing selection imposed by their specialist New World oil-bee pollinators. Nine clades that have lost their primary oil-bee pollinators show major evolutionary shifts in specific floral traits associated with oil-bee pollination, demonstrating that developmental constraint is not the primary cause of morphological stasis in Malpighiaceae. Interestingly, Malpighiaceae show a burst in species diversification coinciding with the origin of this plant-pollinator mutualism. One hypothesis to account for radiation despite morphological stasis is that although selection on pollinator efficiency explains the origin of this unique and conserved floral morphology, tight pollinator specificity subsequently permitted greatly enhanced diversification in this system. phylogeny | flower morphology | comparative methods | Centridini | diversification rate

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“…On the side of rain forest youth, the common ancestor of the species-rich (n Ͼ 300 species) neotropical tree genus Inga is apparently less than 6 million years old (6). Inga shares the rain forest with trees from several families in the Malpighiales, whose ancestors derive from mid-Cretaceous (94-112 Ma) proto-rain forests (7). As another example, the dry forest legume clade Leucaena underwent endemic radiation in southwest Mexico beginning Ϸ10 million years ago (8), making it younger than Bursera but still compatible with Becerra's biogeographic model.…”

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confidence: 99%