Explosive Strength Imbalances in Professional Basketball Players

Schiltz, Marc; Lehance, Cédric; Maquet, Didier; Bury, Thierry; Crielaard, Jean-Michel; Croisier, Jean-Louis

doi:10.4085/1062-6050-44.1.39

Cited by 137 publications

(141 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…This recommendation came from their prospective study on the effects of neuromuscular training on the incidence of knee injury in female athletes, in which they observed a reduction in knee injury for females following a specific plyometric training program. Other sports activities have been examined to investigate imbalances, for example professional and junior level basketball players were studied to determine if lower limb explosive-strength asymmetries were present compared to each other and to a control group (Schiltz et al, 2009). An isokinetic knee extensor and flexor examination was performed, as was a countermovement jump, with and without arm movement, single-leg drop jump, a 10-m sprint, and 10-second single-leg continuous jumping.…”

Section: Injury Riskmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Fatigue on Bilateral Ground Reaction Force Asymmetries during the Squat Exercise

Hodges

Patrick

Reiser

2011

Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research

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OF THESIS EFFECTS OF FATIGUE ON BILATERAL GROUND REACTION FORCE ASYMMETRIES DURING THE SQUAT EXERCISEPhysical performance and risk for injury have been related to functional asymmetries of the lower extremity. The squat exercise is an important, functional movement serving as the major multi-joint, closed-chain lower extremity exercise in many strength and conditioning programs, as well as a large component in rehabilitation.Examinations of asymmetries during the squat exercise have revealed bilateral differences in the net joint torques, indicating unequal actions between the lower extremities. To date, no study has examined how fatigue affects these asymmetries. PURPOSE:The goal of this investigation was to examine functional bilateral asymmetries of the lower extremities during the squat exercise, exploring how they may change during the course of an individual set, as well as across multiple sets with fatigue.Based on a review of literature related to the effects of fatigue on functional asymmetries, it was hypothesized that asymmetries would increase with fatigue. METHODS:Seventeen recreationally trained men (n=9) and women (n=8) (mean ± SD age: 22.3 ± 2.5 yrs; height 170 ± 9.3 cm; mass 73.4 ± 13.8 kg) performed five sets of eight repetitions with 90% of their predetermined eight-repetition maximum (8RM 113 ± 35 % of their body mass). Anthropometric measurements and vertical ground reaction force (GRFv) data were collected. GRFv asymmetries were calculated by subtracting the % load on the iv right foot from that of the left foot. Initially highly symmetric subjects (± 1.7%) were removed from the analyses. The first two (R1&2) and last two (R7&8) repetitions of each set were examined. Eight subjects were reassessed for repeatability measures. RESULTS:R7&8 took longer to complete than R1&2 within a single set (p<0.001), however this finding was not observed across sets (p=0.867). The average asymmetry level across all sets for the absolute average was 4.3 ± 2.5% and 3.6 ± 2.3% for R1&2 and R7&8, respectively. There was no difference in whole group analysis (n=17) for any of the GRFv asymmetry analyses. Initially symmetric subjects were removed for the following analyses. For absolute peak instantaneous forces, the average asymmetry level across all sets was 3.8 ± 2.3% and 3.2 ± 2.3% for R1&2 and R7&8, respectively. Within a set, based on absolute asymmetry, levels of asymmetry dropped from beginning to end of a set (p=0.044). Exploring general shifts towards the left or right leg revealed a significant difference in peak instantaneous asymmetry with subjects becoming more symmetric with fatigue during the course of a single set (p=0.042). Of those who placed more weight on their right side at the beginning of a set, based on average asymmetry, a significant movement towards symmetry was seen for repetitions within a single set (p=0.036). Anthropometrics (segment lengths and circumferences) were generally not highly correlated to the asymmetries. Anthropometric measures were highly repeatable (Cronbac...

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Section: Injury Riskmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Fatigue on Bilateral Ground Reaction Force Asymmetries during the Squat Exercise

Hodges

Patrick

Reiser

2011

Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research

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“…In the analysis of the knee flexors, studies with futsal players (Ferreira et al, 2010) and soccer (Zakas et al, 2006;Fousekis et al, 2010;Daneshjoo et al, 2013;Silva et al, 2015) also showed lower average scores whilst other studies showed average scores higher than the athletes of this study (soccer (Da Fonseca et al, 2007), rugby (Larrat et al, 2007) and handball (González-Ravé et al, 2014). At angular speed of 240º/s, all fields of sport analyzed (soccer (Zakas, 2006), rugby (González-Ravé et al, 2014), basketball (Schiltz et al, 2009) and volleyball (Shu & Zhou, 2011)), resulted in average scores higher than in this study, for both knee extensors and flexors.…”

Section: Juliete Palandi Elizze Ziero Ducatti Michele Poletti Vinímentioning

confidence: 49%

“…Unlikely other sports such as soccer (Fousekis et al, 2010) and futsal (Ferreira et al, 2010) which have asymmetrical muscle requirements from the extensor and flexor knee muscles, the weightlifting requires bilateral symmetrical muscle functioning from these muscle groups (Preto et al, 2014;Reiser et al, 2014). In the analysis of the average PT scores of the extensor and flexor muscles at angular speed 60º/s, both limbs showed average scores higher than the average scores found in other sports such as soccer (Zakas, 2006;Fousekis et al, 2010;Eniseler et al, 2012;Daneshjoo et al, 2013), futsal (Ferreira et al, 2010), rugby (Brown et al, 2014), basketball (Schiltz et al, 2009;Carvalho et al, 2011), handball (González-Ravé et al, 2014, and volleyball (Markou & Vagenas, 2006;Shu & Zhou, 2011). However, two studies which analyzed professional soccer players showed higher average scores of flexors than the scores of the athletes of this study (Zabka et al, 2011;Daneshjoo et al, 2013).…”

Section: Juliete Palandi Elizze Ziero Ducatti Michele Poletti Vinímentioning

confidence: 85%

Untitled

2016

JPES

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Abstract:Weightlifting is a sport in which the athlete attempts to lift a barbell loaded with weight plates and the biomechanical demands of the lower limbs joints change. Thus, weightlifting plays a direct role to the knees involving their main extensor muscle groups and knee flexors. The present study used isokinetic evaluation to analyze muscle performance of the knee extensor and flexor muscles in male weightlifting athletes. The results demonstrated no statistically significant differences between the limbs, whether for mean peak torque values or for the flexor/extensor ratio. However, the results demonstrated muscle imbalances between the flexors and extensors, with the mean flexors PT values lower than expected when compared to the extensors. This result highlights the importance of training to increase the performance of the flexor muscles to reach an ideal level in relation to the extensor, thus improving athletic performance and preventing musculoskeletal injuries.

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“…similarly, Gerodimos et al [27] demonstrated that this functional ratio increased with the growth of angular velocity. Furthermore, schiltz et al [28] revealed the results of functional H/Q at 30 deg · s -1 /240 deg · s -1 velocities to be approximately 131% (dominant limb) and approximately 126% (non-dominant limb) in professional players. Thus, the functional H/Q > 100% during fast knee extension indicated the ability of eccentrically acting hamstrings to produce a braking joint flexor moment greater than the joint extensor moment exerted by the quadriceps [14,16,21].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comparison of isokinetic knee strength and power output ratios between female basketball and volleyball players

Kabaciński¹,

Murawa²,

Fryzowicz³

et al. 2018

Hum Mov.

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Purpose. Tests such as the counter movement jump (cMJ) and squat jump (sJ) allow for determining the ratio of maximal power output generated during sJ to cMJ (s/c). The isokinetic peak torque ratio of the hamstrings contracting eccentrically to the quadriceps contracting concentrically (H/Q) is defined as functional H/Q. The purpose of this study was to compare the s/c and functional H/Q between female basketball and volleyball players. Methods. The total of 14 female basketball players (age, 19.8 ± 1.4 years) and 12 female volleyball players (age, 22.3 ± 4.2 years) participated in the study. A piezoelectric force platform was used for the cMJ and sJ. Moreover, isokinetic tests of the hamstrings and quadriceps muscle torque during eccentric and concentric contraction were performed. Results. The results of the s/c and functional H/Q at 90 deg · s -1 /60 deg · s -1 velocities were higher in basketball players (87.3 ± 9.1% and 91.4 ± 9.3%, respectively) than in volleyball players (83.1 ± 9.8% and 83.6 ± 16.5%, respectively). No significant differences in s/c or functional H/Q values between the two groups were found (p > 0.05). Conclusions. Decreasing the s/c may result from an improvement in the power output during cMJ and a better utilization of the stretch-shortening cycle effect. Balancing the functional H/Q through increasing the eccentric hamstrings strength can provide dynamic knee joint stabilization.

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Explosive Strength Imbalances in Professional Basketball Players

Cited by 137 publications

References 34 publications

Effects of Fatigue on Bilateral Ground Reaction Force Asymmetries during the Squat Exercise

Effects of Fatigue on Bilateral Ground Reaction Force Asymmetries during the Squat Exercise

Untitled

A comparison of isokinetic knee strength and power output ratios between female basketball and volleyball players

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