Explotación minera y sus impactos ambientales y en salud. El caso de Potosí en Bogotá

Abstract

RESUMO Bajo el modelo capitalista global este trabajo explora el vínculo entre la explotación minera y sus impactos dentro de los campos del medio ambiente y la salud, tomando el caso de la minería de materiales de construcción en Bogotá. El estudio es de carácter descriptivo cualitativo y sus fuentes provienen de revisión literaria, observación y percepciones por parte de los lugareños. Gracias a esta investigación se evidenciaron alteraciones en el estado de salud física y mental de la población, su tejido social y daños al ambiente; lo que cuestiona este modelo de desarrollo y sus patrones que ponen en riesgo la supervivencia, que va de la mano con el surgimiento de serios conflictos medioambientales, evidenciando la relación del ambiente tanto con la salud como con dinámicas socio-culturales. PALAVRAS-CHAVE

Treatment of Mining and Thermoelectric Waste Through the Geopolymerization Process

“…The organoleptic characterization for untreated fly ash and mine tailings in its pure state presents invasive properties to the environment such as bad smell due to the sulphides present and easy spreading in the environment due to the particle size and the form of dust in which it is presented with a fragile surface, which becomes very vulnerable to environmental climate conditions, as shown by [7], [8], this compared to the geopolymer which has a hard surface and greater resistance shows an ecological and environmental alternative to mitigate the impact of these industrial wastes due to the low cost and easy access to this technology.…”

“…On the other hand, the thermoelectric industries are of great concern, given that the transition to new green technologies will take a long time for Third World countries such as Peru [3], so it is of vital importance to develop new affordable and low-cost technologies for the treatment of mining and thermoelectric waste. Industrial processes such as copper mining, where huge quantities of tailings are discharged into tailings ponds [4] and coal burning for electricity generation, generate large quantities of coal, leaving fly ash as a by-product [5], use techniques that move enormous quantities of materials to extract valuable metals and produce electricity, however, these contaminants possess metallic elements such as Cu, B, Be, Co, Mo, present in the tailings and fly ashes, these are harmful to soil and water as they are potentially reactive by surrounding water bodies which could generate acidic water [6] [7], These wastes are environmental liabilities that need immediate recourse, not only to remediation or mitigation but also to seek new technologies that allow us to restore and give added value to these pollutants [8], where society, environment and economy are in balance, being these industries the ones that move the country economically [9]. Globally, these mining and thermoelectric wastes have an inherent composition of aluminosilicates present in mining tailings and fly ashes that are industrial passives that need to be recovered and treated [10] [11].…”

Evaluation of Mercury, Arsenic, Lead and Cadmium in River Water Intended for Human Consumption as a Consequence of Mining Activities.

“…), which is generally dumped directly into the riverbed without receiving any prior treatment. ), which is generally dumped directly into the riverbed without receiving any prior treatment, thus causing contamination of the water resource due to the presence of a high content of heavy metals (Latorre & Tovar, 2017). According to the (EPA, 2017).''…”

Embalagens Biodegradáveis Produzidas a Partir De Residuos Agroindustriais: Revisão

“…Así mismo muestra los resultados, validados con informes de otros años, demostraron que, si las empresas quieren contribuir al desarrollo local sostenible, deben mejorar la calidad de la información de indicadores conflictivos y, junto con gobiernos locales, realizar un cambio significativo en la manera de tomar decisiones, especialmente vinculando actores críticos del proyecto. Por otra parte, tenemos (LATORRE, TOVAR, 2017) en su investigación evidencia alteraciones en el estado de salud física y mental de la población, su tejido social y daños al ambiente; lo que cuestiona este modelo de desarrollo y sus patrones que ponen en riesgo la supervivencia, que va de la mano con el surgimiento de serios conflictos medioambientales, evidenciando la relación del ambiente tanto con la salud como con dinámicas socio-culturales.…”