Exponential distribution of force chain lengths: a useful statistic that characterizes granular assemblies

Sanfratello, L.; Zhang, J.; Cartee, Shannon Clint; Fukushima, Eiichi

doi:10.1007/s10035-011-0272-5

Cited by 16 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…10b). The quantification of the density, length, and the distribution of such force chains needs to define a criterion in terms of factors such as the number of incorporated particles and the magnitude of carrying forces [57][58][59]. This subject is out of scope of this study and it can be considered as an open issue to be addressed in future works.…”

Section: Observational Investigationsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Investigating the micromechanical evolutions within inherently anisotropic granular materials using discrete element method

Hosseininia

2012

Granular Matter

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Section: Observational Investigationsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Investigating the micromechanical evolutions within inherently anisotropic granular materials using discrete element method

Hosseininia

2012

Granular Matter

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“…We used the algorithm described by Peters et al [39]. Interestingly, exponentially decaying P(l) is considered a characteristic of granular assemblies under compression [39,78]. In contrast, for tensile FCs in our networks, both P(f) and P(l) decayed according to a power law.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Force chains in cell–cell mechanical communication

Mann

Sopher

Goren

et al. 2019

J. R. Soc. Interface.

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Force chains (FCs) are a key determinant of the micromechanical properties and behaviour of heterogeneous materials, such as granular systems. However, less is known about FCs in fibrous materials, such as the networks composing the extracellular matrix (ECM) of biological systems. Using a finite-element computational model, we simulated the contraction of a single cell and two nearby cells embedded in two-dimensional fibrous elastic networks and analysed the tensile FCs that developed in the ECM. The role of ECM nonlinear elasticity on FC formation was evaluated by considering linear and nonlinear, i.e. exhibiting ‘buckling’ and/or ‘strain-stiffening’, stress–strain curves. The effect of the degree of cell contraction and network coordination value was assessed. We found that nonlinear elasticity of the ECM fibres influenced the structure of the FCs, facilitating the transition towards more distinct chains that were less branched and more radially oriented than the chains formed in linear elastic networks. When two neighbouring cells contract, a larger number of FCs bridged between the cells in nonlinear networks, and these chains had a larger effective rigidity than the chains that did not reach a neighbouring cell. These results suggest that FCs function as a route for mechanical communication between distant cells and highlight the contribution of ECM fibre nonlinear elasticity to the formation of FCs.

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“…Recent studies have analysed force chain segment lengths under pure shear and isotropic compression and found that they are exponentially distributed: [23][24][25] …”

Section: Force Chain Segment Lengthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural Evolution of a Granular Pack under Manual Tapping

Iikawa

Bandi²,

Katsuragi

2015

J. Phys. Soc. Jpn.

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We experimentally study a two-dimensional (2D) granular pack of photoelastic disks subject to vertical manual tapping. Using bright and dark field images, we employ gradient-based image analysis methods to analyse various structural quantities. These include the packing fraction (φ), force per disk (F d ) and force chain segment length (l) as a function of the tapping number (τ). The increase in packing fraction with tapping number is found to exponentially approach an asymptotic value. An exponential distribution is observed for both the cumulative numbers of force per disk, and force chain segment length l : N cum (l) = A l exp(− l l 0 ). Whereas the coefficient A F varies with τ for force per disk, the force chain segment length shows no dependence on τ. The τ dependence of F d and φ allows us to posit a linear relation between the total force of the granular pack (F * tot (τ)) and φ(τ).

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Exponential distribution of force chain lengths: a useful statistic that characterizes granular assemblies

Cited by 16 publications

References 13 publications

Investigating the micromechanical evolutions within inherently anisotropic granular materials using discrete element method

Investigating the micromechanical evolutions within inherently anisotropic granular materials using discrete element method

Force chains in cell–cell mechanical communication

Structural Evolution of a Granular Pack under Manual Tapping

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