Exponential fertilization of <i>Pinus monticola</i> seedlings: nutrient uptake efficiency, leaching fractions, and early outplanting performance

Dumroese, R. Kasten; Page‐Dumroese, Deborah S.; Salifu, K. Francis; Jacobs, Douglass F.

doi:10.1139/x05-226

Cited by 74 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…When seedlings applied with the same dose of N were compared, higher nutrient uptake efficiency was seen in seedlings conventionally fertilized at the last harvest, although exponentially fertilized seedlings had greater nutrient uptake efficiency than the conventionally fertilized seedlings at the former three measurement times. This was inconsistent with the study of Dumroese et al (2005) on Pinus monticola Dougl. ex D. Don in which exponential fertilization increased seedling N uptake efficiency by 75%, although exponentially fertilized seedlings received 45% less fertilizer than conventionally fertilized seedlings during the experiment.…”

Section: Nutrient Uptake Dynamicscontrasting

confidence: 86%

“…Traditionally, nutrients were applied in a single or constant rate of fertilization, which might result in early toxicity due to over-fertilization and later nutrient deficiency in the growing season (Xu and Timmer 1998), and nutrient uptake efficiency could be reduced since applied nutrients were not taken up immediately by seedlings and might be lost by leaching (Dumroese et al 2005). Therefore, supplying full-element solutions to plants in lower nutrient concentration but higher nutrient addition rate during the exponential growth phase may generally provide a better rationale to build steady-state nutrition in seedlings, which subsequently induces maximum plant growth (Ingestad and Lund 1986;Ingestad 1987;Timmer and Armstrong 1987;Zabek and Prescott 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Growth and nutrient uptake dynamics ofMytilaria laosensisseedlings under exponential and conventional fertilizations

Lin

Zeng

et al. 2012

Soil Science and Plant Nutrition

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The growth characteristics and nutrient uptake dynamics of Mytilaria laosensis Lec. seedlings treated weekly with conventional and exponential fertilizations were investigated at intervals of 3 weeks for 12 weeks in a greenhouse. Leaf area and pigment compositions were also examined at the final harvest. The fertility treatments (mg nitrogen seedling -1 ) included two conventional (50C and 100C) and four exponential (50E, 100E, 200E and 400E) fertilizations, and no fertilization (0) as control. The biomass and nutrient contents of M. laosensis seedlings increased exponentially with time. Steady-state nutrition of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) were achieved under exponential fertilization treatment of 50 mg N seedling À1 (50E) and conventional fertilization treatment of 100 mg N seedling -1 (100C), resulting from simultaneous increase of their biomass and nutrient contents. The nutrient uptake efficiency continuously increased over time in conventionally fertilized seedlings, but it increased initially and declined or remained stable from 11 weeks after transplanting in the exponentially fertilized seedlings. At the end of the experiment, the conventionally fertilized seedlings performed remarkably better than all exponentially fertilized seedlings except for seedlings in the exponential treatment of 200 mg N seedling -1 (200E) in height, root collar diameter and biomass. The optimum N and P uptake occurred in 200E seedlings because their N and P contents were 71%/60% and 14%/9% higher than both conventionally fertilized seedlings (50C/100C) without significant differences in growth performance between them. The leaf areas and chlorophyll contents of seedlings increased significantly with the increase of fertilizer levels and nearly peaked at the range from 100 to 200 mg N seedling -1 , whereas the delivery schedule (conventional and exponential) had little effect on leaf areas and chlorophyll contents of seedlings at the same nutrient level (50 or 100 mg N seedling -1 ). These findings will provide evidence to make guidelines on fertilization for nursery production of M. laosensis, and help understand the nutrient demands for this species and further benefit the development of its plantations.

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Section: Nutrient Uptake Dynamicscontrasting

confidence: 86%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth and nutrient uptake dynamics ofMytilaria laosensisseedlings under exponential and conventional fertilizations

Lin

Zeng

et al. 2012

Soil Science and Plant Nutrition

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“…To further augment height growth in red pine seedlings, we suggest two possible options: (i) application of fertilizer earlier in fall to take advantage of warmer soil temperatures and atmospheric conditions that are conducive to seedling growth; and, (ii) modifying the current summer fertilizer pattern to an exponential application regime, which should increase nutrient uptake efficiency (Dumroese et al, 2005) and thereby minimize leaching losses in sandy soils with low nutrient retention. These factors could further promote height growth as Birge et al (2006) observed that exponentially fertilized northern red oak (Quercus rubra) and white oak (Q. alba) under bareroot cultivation were 99-162% and 5-66% taller, respectively, than unfertilized seedlings.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fall fertilization of Pinus resinosa seedlings: nutrient uptake, cold hardiness, and morphological development

et al. 2009

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Abstract• Fall fertilization may increase plant nutrient reserves, yet associated impacts on seedling cold hardiness are relatively unexplored.• Bareroot red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.) seedlings in north-central Minnesota, USA were fall fertilized at the end of the first growing season with ammonium nitrate (NH 4 NO 3 ) at 0, 11, 22, 44, or 89 kg N ha −1 . Seedling morphology and cold hardiness [assessed by freeze induced electrolyte leakage (FIEL)] were evaluated six weeks after fertilization and following the second growing season.• Seedling height and number of needle primordia increased with fertilizer rate for both sampling years. Seedlings fertilized with 44 and 89 kg N ha −1 attained target height (15 cm) after the second growing season. Shoot and root N concentration increased after the first growing season in fall fertilized seedlings compared to controls. Fall fertilized seedlings had lower FIEL (i.e., increased cold hardiness) compared to controls when tested at -40 • C after the first growing season, but no significant differences in FIEL of control and fertilized seedlings were observed after the second growing season.• Results suggest that fall fertilization of red pine seedlings can help render desired target height in the nursery, while maintaining or increasing cold hardiness levels. Mots-clés :rusticité au froid / croissance / fertilisation azotée / primordiums d'aiguilles Résumé -Fertilisation automnale des plants de Pinus resinosa : absorption des éléments nutritifs, rusticité au froid, et développement morphologique.• La fertilisation automnale peut augmenter les réserves en éléments nutritifs des plants, mais les répercussions sur la rusticité au froid des semis sont encore relativement inexplorées.• Des plants à racines nues de Pinus resinosa Ait.dans le centre-nord du Minnesota (USA) ont été fertilisés à l'automne à la fin de la première saison de croissance avec du nitrate d'ammonium (NH 4 NO 3 ) à 0, 11, 22, 44, ou 89 kg N ha −1 . La morphologie des plants et la rusticité au froid [estimée par la fuite d'électrolyte (FIEL) induite par le gel] ont été évaluées six semaines après la fertilisation et à la suite dans la deuxième saison de croissance.• La hauteur des plants et le nombre de primordiums d'aiguilles ont augmenté avec le taux de fertilisation pour les deux années d'échantillonnage. Les plants fertilisés avec 44 et 89 kg N ha −1 ont atteint l'objectif de hauteur (15 cm) après la deuxième saison de croissance. La concentration en N des tiges et des racines a augmenté après la première saison de croissance chez les plants fertilisés à l'automne par rapport aux témoins. Les plants fertilisés à l'automne ont eu un plus faible FIEL (c'est-à-dire, une augmentation de rusticité), comparativement aux témoins lors du test à -40 • C après la première saison de croissance, mais aucune différence significative de FIEL entre plants fertilisés et témoins n'a été observée après la deuxième saison de croissance.• Les résultats suggèrent que la fertilisation d'automne des plants de Pinus resinosa...

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“…Consequently, there is global interest in optimizing fertilizer application in the nursery for effective nutrient storage by seedlings (Dumroese et al 2005;Salifu et al 2009;Li et al 2014). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of controlled release fertilizer type and rate on mineral nutrients, non-structural carbohydrates, and field performance of Chinese pine container-grown seedlings

Fu¹,

Oliet²,

Li³

2017

Silva Fenn.

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Highlights• We demonstrated that Chinese pine container-grown seedling nutrient status and non-structural carbohydrate content were sufficient over a wide range of fertilization rates.• Fertilization at 80 mg N seedling -1 was optimal for seedling responses in the nursery and field.• Nursery fertilization using controlled release fertilizer (CRF) with a single coating layer yielded better seedling nursery performance than CRF with multiple coatings. AbstractAlthough controlled release fertilizer (CRF) with single and multiple-layer coatings are extensively used in tree seedlings, studies that compare the impact of CRF type and application rate on seedling growth, nutrient storage, and, most importantly, outplanting performance, are lacking. In the current study, container-grown Pinus tabulaeformis Carr. (Chinese pine) seedlings were fertilized with commercial CRF with either one or multiple coating layers with equivalent formulation and longevity, at six rates ranging from 40 to 240 mg N seedling -1 . Seedlings were sampled for dry mass, non-structural carbohydrate (NSC) content, and mineral nutrient status at the end of the growing season in the nursery, and subsequently outplanted for one season. Compared to Chinese pine seedlings fertilized with single-layer CRF treatments, seedlings treated with multiple-layer CRF had higher starch concentrations but reduced dry mass and N, P, K concentrations in the nursery, and reduced diameter growth in the field. Fertilization rates of 80 and 120 mg N seedling -1 generally yielded maximal plant dry mass and mineral nutrient content. Field survival peaked at 80 mg N seedling -1 . Seedling growth, soluble sugar content, and starch concentration in the nursery and survival in the field consistently decreased at rates of 200 and 240 mg N seedling -1 . In our study, optimal nursery and field performance of P. tabulaeformis were observed using single layer CRF at 80 mg N seedling -1 (3.3 g CRF l -1 media).

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Exponential fertilization of Pinus monticola seedlings: nutrient uptake efficiency, leaching fractions, and early outplanting performance

Cited by 74 publications

References 24 publications

Growth and nutrient uptake dynamics ofMytilaria laosensisseedlings under exponential and conventional fertilizations

Growth and nutrient uptake dynamics ofMytilaria laosensisseedlings under exponential and conventional fertilizations

Fall fertilization of Pinus resinosa seedlings: nutrient uptake, cold hardiness, and morphological development

Effect of controlled release fertilizer type and rate on mineral nutrients, non-structural carbohydrates, and field performance of Chinese pine container-grown seedlings

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