Abstract.We consider the problem of estimating the integral of the square of a density f from the observation of a n sample. Our method to estimate R f 2 (x)dx is based on model selection via some penalized criterion. We prove that our estimator achieves the adaptive rates established by Efroimovich and Low on classes of smooth functions. A key point of the proof is an exponential inequality for U -statistics of order 2 due to Houdré and Reynaud.Mathematics Subject Classification. 62G05, 62G20, 62J02.