Export Orientation and Female Share of Employment: Evidence from Turkey

Özler, Şule

doi:10.1016/s0305-750x(00)00034-6

Cited by 135 publications

(112 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Semi-industrialized economies that emphasize export manufacturing have experienced a rise in the female share of employment, especially in the early phases of industrialization. Women have been largely 'crowded' into labor-intensive export manufacturing, facing both explicit and implicit restrictions on their access to more skillintensive jobs in non-tradeable fix-price industries 4 (Nam 1991;Hsiung 1996;Standing 1989Standing , 1999Mehra and Gammage 1999;Ozler 2000). 5 Women provide a cost advantage to firms facing severe cost competition from other export-oriented economies.…”

Section: Gender and Job Accessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender equity and globalization: macroeconomic policy for developing countries

Seguino

Grown

2006

J of Intl Development

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This paper reviews the evidence of gender effects of globalization in developing economies. It then outlines a set of macroeconomic and trade policies to promote gender equity in the distribution of resources. The evidence suggests that while liberalization has expanded women's access to employment, the long-term goal of transforming gender inequalities remains unmet and appears unattainable without regulation of capital, and a reorientation and expansion of the state's role in funding public goods and providing s a social safety net. This paper sets forth some general principles that can produce greater gender equality, premised on shifting economies from profit-led, export-oriented to wage-led, full-employment economies. The framework is Kaleckian in its focus on the relationship between the gender distribution of income and macroeconomic outcomes.

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Section: Gender and Job Accessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender equity and globalization: macroeconomic policy for developing countries

Seguino

Grown

2006

J of Intl Development

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“…It finds a strong positive relation between exports and female share of employment at the firm level. The study further finds that the female share is higher in plants where workers are less skilled and use less capital-intensive and energy-intensive technology (Ozler, 2000). The study looks at the period 1983-85, which is characterized by export-led industrialization policies.…”

Section: Countries Abundant In Unskilled Labourmentioning

confidence: 96%

Is Trade Liberalization a Window of Opportunity for Women?

Nordås

2003

SSRN Journal

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Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen:Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden.Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen.Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. Terms of use: Documents in

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“…A number of the studies identified the effect of trade liberalization on changes in female labor force participation rate but they did not focus on gender-based inequality in labor force participation for example (Standing, 1989;Tzannatos, 1999;Łobodzinska, 2000;Ozler, 2000;Maurerfazio et al, 2007;Hyder and Behrman, 2012;Juhn et al, 2012). A vast study has been done to identify the effect of increasing trade on gender-based inequality in wage in the labor market for example but not limited to (Hughes and overlooked gender inequality in the labor market in other aspects.…”

Section: Trade Liberalization and Female Participation In The Labor Mmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Higher economic growth is associated with higher inequality between male and female. The reason is that trade in capital intensive sector results in higher economic growth (Lewer and Den Berg, 2003) and women are usually employed in labor-intensive sectors that use mostly cheap unskilled labor (Ozler, 2000;Blecker and Seguino, 2002;Seguino, 2010). Higher per capita income reduces gender inequality in the emerging economies as a whole, but for EAGLE and NEST countries the effect is opposite.…”

Section: Regression Report and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Trade Liberalization and Gender Inequality in Emerging Economies - from the Perspective of Sustainable Development Goals

Fatema

Islam

2017

Asian Economic and Financial Review

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Article History JEL Classification O50, F16, F60. The study identifies the effect of trade liberalization on gender inequality in labor market, welfare, and empowerment in the emerging economies considering the significance of gender inequality issue in sustainable development goals (SDGs). It uses global gender gap index (GGGI) and its four sub-indexes namely economic participation and opportunity, education, health and politics as indicators of gender inequality in different aspects. Due to the problem of endogeneity and the presence of time-invariant variables Hausman-Taylor estimation technique has been applied to a panel data set of 40 countries for the period of 2006-2014. The results of the study suggest that trade openness significantly reduces gender inequality in labor market in high growth EAGLE and NEST countries but increase the inequality in other emerging economies. The effect of trade openness in reducing gender inequality in welfare and empowerment is positive, but higher trade increases health gap in other emerging economies. The effects of culture and religion on gender inequality are mixed and differ substantially across countries. According to the findings of the study, trade and government expenditure can be used as essential tools to achieve gender equality goal of SDGs if the proper policy is adopted.

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Export Orientation and Female Share of Employment: Evidence from Turkey

Cited by 135 publications

References 12 publications

Gender equity and globalization: macroeconomic policy for developing countries

Gender equity and globalization: macroeconomic policy for developing countries

Is Trade Liberalization a Window of Opportunity for Women?

Trade Liberalization and Gender Inequality in Emerging Economies - from the Perspective of Sustainable Development Goals

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