Exposure and health impact evaluation based on simultaneous measurement of indoor and ambient PM2.5 in Haidian, Beijing

Qi, Meng; Zhu, Xi; Du, Wei; Chen, Yilin; Chen, Yuanchen; Huang, Tianbo; Pan, Xuelian; Zhong, Qirui; Sun, Xingming; Zeng, Eddy Y.; Xing, Baoshan; Tao, Shu

doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2016.10.035

Cited by 70 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Outdoor PM 2.5 concentration in heating season was much higher than in non-heating season in this study, a seasonal difference that has also been reported in several other studies conducted in Beijing [ 30 , 53 , 77 , 78 ], but not consistent with the study conducted in Beijing by Han [ 60 ] which may due to the short sampling periods and the frequent and rapid transition between severe pollution events and clean days. Indoor PM 2.5 were significantly lower than outdoor in both seasons from Table 2 , similar results showed in other studies [ 59 , 60 , 61 ], but indoor PM 2.5 concentration was not different between two seasons from Table 5 , which may mainly due to the low indoor and outdoor exchange in heating season and the contributions of indoor sources. The median concentration of indoor PM 2.5 was 57.64 μg/m 3 .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…Outdoor PM 2.5 is an important source of residential indoor PM 2.5 [ 12 , 13 , 15 , 64 ], and it was significantly correlated with indoor PM 2.5 concentrations in both seasons from the results of Spearman correlation analysis, and similar results also can be found in other studies [ 20 , 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 , 63 ]. Multiple linear regression analysis in Table 7 showed that with the increase of outdoor concentration, indoor PM 2.5 concentration also increased in both seasons.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

“…Additionally, there are factors can affect the exchange of indoor and outdoor air, such as window opening behaviors, building characteristics, air conditioner use, and outdoor meteorological variables, etc., and these factors may also have an impact on the concentration of indoor PM 2.5 and its constituents [ 12 , 13 , 22 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 , 63 , 64 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ambient PM 2.5 pollution in Beijing is dominated by vehicle emissions [ 71 , 72 ], but fossil fuels combustion from heating activities has become another important contributor to ambient PM 2.5 during the heating season [ 30 , 31 , 73 ]. Several studies have investigated indoor PM 2.5 concentrations and their relationship with outdoor PM 2.5 in residential houses in Beijing [ 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 , 63 ], but the information about concentrations of metal and metalloid elements in indoor PM 2.5 is quite rare [ 74 , 75 , 76 ]. In this study, indoor and outdoor PM 2.5 of residential houses were continuously monitored for one week during the non-heating season (NHS) and heating season (HS) in Beijing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Source Apportionment and Influencing Factor Analysis of Residential Indoor PM2.5 in Beijing

Yang

Liu

et al. 2018

IJERPH

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In order to identify the sources of indoor PM2.5 and to check which factors influence the concentration of indoor PM2.5 and chemical elements, indoor concentrations of PM2.5 and its related elements in residential houses in Beijing were explored. Indoor and outdoor PM2.5 samples that were monitored continuously for one week were collected. Indoor and outdoor concentrations of PM2.5 and 15 elements (Al, As, Ca, Cd, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Pb, Se, Tl, V, Zn) were calculated and compared. The median indoor concentration of PM2.5 was 57.64 μg/m3. For elements in indoor PM2.5, Cd and As may be sensitive to indoor smoking, Zn, Ca and Al may be related to indoor sources other than smoking, Pb, V and Se may mainly come from outdoor. Five factors were extracted for indoor PM2.5 by factor analysis, explained 76.8% of total variance, outdoor sources contributed more than indoor sources. Multiple linear regression analysis for indoor PM2.5, Cd and Pb was performed. Indoor PM2.5 was influenced by factors including outdoor PM2.5, smoking during sampling, outdoor temperature and time of air conditioner use. Indoor Cd was affected by factors including smoking during sampling, outdoor Cd and building age. Indoor Pb concentration was associated with factors including outdoor Pb and time of window open per day, building age and RH. In conclusion, indoor PM2.5 mainly comes from outdoor sources, and the contributions of indoor sources also cannot be ignored. Factors associated indoor and outdoor air exchange can influence the concentrations of indoor PM2.5 and its constituents.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Source Apportionment and Influencing Factor Analysis of Residential Indoor PM2.5 in Beijing

Yang

Liu

et al. 2018

IJERPH

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“…When solid fuels are used for cooking and heating, emissions from these activities dominate the indoor PM 2.5 sources. However, in the case of S4, PM 2.5 in indoor air is largely contributed by penetration of pollutants from the ambient environment (30).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy and air pollution benefits of household fuel policies in northern China

Meng

Zhong

Chen

et al. 2019

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

Self Cite

178

109

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In addition to many recent actions taken to reduce emissions from energy production, industry, and transportation, a new campaign substituting residential solid fuels with electricity or natural gas has been launched in Beijing, Tianjin, and 26 other municipalities in northern China, aiming at solving severe ambient air pollution in the region. Quantitative analysis shows that the campaign can accelerate residential energy transition significantly, and if the planned target can be achieved, more than 60% of households are projected to remove solid fuels by 2021, compared with fewer than 20% without the campaign. Emissions of major air pollutants will be reduced substantially. With 60% substitution realized, emission of primary PM2.5 and contribution to ambient PM2.5 concentration in 2021 are projected to be 30% and 41% of those without the campaign. With 60% substitution, average indoor PM2.5 concentrations in living rooms in winter are projected to be reduced from 209 (190 to 230) μg/m3 to 125 (99 to 150) μg/m3. The population-weighted PM2.5 concentrations can be reduced from 140 μg/m3 in 2014 to 78 μg/m3 or 61 μg/m3 in 2021 given that 60% or 100% substitution can be accomplished. Although the original focus of the campaign was to address ambient air quality, exposure reduction comes more from improved indoor air quality because ∼90% of daily exposure of the rural population is attributable to indoor air pollution. Women benefit more than men.

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Human Exposure Assessment for Air Pollution

Han

Zhang

2017

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology

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Assessment of human exposure to air pollution is a fundamental part of the more general process of health risk assessment. The measurement methods for exposure assessment now include personal exposure monitoring, indoor-outdoor sampling, mobile monitoring, and exposure assessment modeling (such as proximity models, interpolation model, air dispersion models, and land-use regression (LUR) models). Among these methods, personal exposure measurement is considered to be the most accurate method of pollutant exposure assessment until now, since it can better quantify observed differences and better reflect exposure among smaller groups of people at ground level. And since the great differences of geographical environment, source distribution, pollution characteristics, economic conditions, and living habits, there is a wide range of differences between indoor, outdoor, and individual air pollution exposure in different regions of China. In general, the indoor particles in most Chinese families comprise infiltrated outdoor particles, particles generated indoors, and a few secondary organic aerosol particles, and in most cases, outdoor particle pollution concentrations are a major contributor to indoor concentrations in China. Furthermore, since the time, energy, and expense are limited, it is difficult to measure the concentration of pollutants for each individual. In recent years, obtaining the concentration of air pollutants by using a variety of exposure assessment models is becoming a main method which could solve the problem of the increasing number of individuals in epidemiology studies.

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Exposure and health impact evaluation based on simultaneous measurement of indoor and ambient PM2.5 in Haidian, Beijing

Cited by 70 publications

References 32 publications

Source Apportionment and Influencing Factor Analysis of Residential Indoor PM2.5 in Beijing

Source Apportionment and Influencing Factor Analysis of Residential Indoor PM2.5 in Beijing

Energy and air pollution benefits of household fuel policies in northern China

Human Exposure Assessment for Air Pollution

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