Exposure and health risk assessment of secondary contaminants closely related to brominated flame retardants (BFRs): Polybrominated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PBDD/Fs) in human milk in shanghai

Lin, Yuanjie; Le, Sunyang; Feng, Chao; Qiu, Xinlei; Xu, Qian; Jin, Shuping; Zhang, Huimin; Jin, Young-Woo; Wen, Ying; Xu, Hao; Li, Peipei; Rao, Qing; She, Jianwen; Lu, Dasheng

doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115121

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…The extraction and defatting of human milk samples were performed according to our previous study . Briefly, the sample was lyophilized and extracted by ASE 350 (Thermo Scientific, Sunnyvale, USA).…”

Section: Materials and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The extraction and defatting of human milk samples were performed according to our previous study. 11 Briefly, the sample was lyophilized and extracted by ASE 350 (Thermo Scientific, Sunnyvale, USA). The extracts were concentrated to near dryness using a rocket synergy evaporator (SP Genevac, Ipswich, UK) and reconstituted using hexane for subsequent defatting using 44% acid silica.…”

Section: Chemicals Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Gas chromatography coupled with high resolution mass spectrometry (GC-HRMS) (DFS, Thermo Scientific, Bremen, Germany) was used for the instrumental analysis according to our previous studies. 11 Two GCs were equipped with a DB-5MS UI capillary column (60 m × 0.25 mm I.D., 0.25 μm film thickness, Agilent, CA, USA) for the analysis of 12 dl-PCB and 6 indicator PCB congeners and a DB-5HT capillary column (15 m × 0.25 mm I.D., 0.10 μm film thickness, Agilent, CA, USA) for the measurement of PBDEs, respectively. The instrumental analysis was conducted according to my previous work.…”

Section: Chemicals Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In recent decades, the health exposure risk of breast-fed infants was mainly assessed by the estimated daily intake (EDI) of POPs in human milk. According to previous reports, values of EDI in human milk in both foreign countries (e.g., New Zealand (19.7 pg TEQ/kg·bw/day), Vietnam (41–134 pg TEQ/kg·bw/day)) and domestic (e.g., Shanghai (37.1 pg TEQ/kg·bw/day), Zhejiang (22.0 pg TEQ/kg·bw/day)) have far exceeded the WHO recommended daily tolerance intakes (TDIs) of 1–4 pg TEQ/kg·bw/day. Because the metabolism of infants is much faster than that of adults, − it is generally believed that the actual exposure of infants is not as serious as imagined.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Infant Exposure to PCBs and PBDEs Revealed by Hair and Human Milk Analysis: Evaluation of Hair as an Alternative Biomatrix

Lin

Feng

et al. 2022

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Human hair, as an emerging biological monitoring matrix, has begun to be used in various human exposure studies, but little research has been done on persistent organic pollutants (POPs), especially for the body burden of POPs in infants. In this study, 36 breast-fed infants in Shanghai were recruited for a study to determine their exposure to POPs, including 12 dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (dl-PCBs), 6 indicator PCBs, and 8 polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in the inner layer (internal) and outer layer (external) of infant hair and human milk. The similarity or difference of the POP distribution pattern or concentration among these matrices was investigated, and only weak correlations (r < 0.4) were observed between the POP concentration in human milk and infant hair (internal or external). POPs in human milk have a different profile than those in infant hair, while they have stable concentration ratios (0.58−2.72), similar distribution patterns, fine Spearman's rank correlations, and tangled principal component analysis (PCA) plots in each POP family between external and internal hair samples. The result suggested that POPs in internal hair can be easily affected by those in external hair, but POPs in human milk seem to have little contribution to the POP profile in internal hair. Although infant hair cannot reflect the POPs from diet or from body burden, it can be an ideal biomatrix that estimates infant exposure to POPs from exogenous sources like house dust when considering the similar pattern of POPs and their proper accumulation period in hair.

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Section: Materials and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Chemicals Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Chemicals Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Infant Exposure to PCBs and PBDEs Revealed by Hair and Human Milk Analysis: Evaluation of Hair as an Alternative Biomatrix

Lin

Feng

et al. 2022

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…Most recent studies are focused on estimating infant exposure through breastfeeding. Lin and co-authors [ 62 ] measured polybrominated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PBDD/Fs) in human milk samples and investigated the health risk to breastfed infants. The results indicated that the average estimated dietary intake (EDI) for breastfed infants was 2.0 pg TEQ/ kg body weight/day, which is within acceptable levels according to TDI for TCDD suggested by the WHO (1–4 pg TEQ/kg body weight/day).…”

Section: Dioxins Furans and Polychlorinated Biphenylsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals and Persistent Organic Pollutants in Infant Formulas and Baby Food: Legislation and Risk Assessments

Hatzidaki

Pagkalou

Katsikantami

et al. 2023

Foods

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Human milk is the healthiest option for newborns, although, under specific circumstances, infant formula is a precious alternative for feeding the baby. Except for the nutritional content, infant formulas and baby food must be pollutant-free. Thus, their composition is controlled by continuous monitoring and regulated by establishing upper limits and guideline values for safe exposure. Legislation differs worldwide, although there are standard policies and strategies for protecting vulnerable infants. This work presents current regulations and directives for restricting endocrine-disrupting chemicals and persistent organic pollutants in infant formulas. Risk assessment studies, which are limited, are necessary to depict exposure variations and assess the health risks for infants from dietary exposure to pollutants.

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Associations between exposure to brominated flame retardants with cognitive function in U.S. older adults: A cross-sectional study of NHANES from 2011 to 2012

Yang,

Xuan,

Markovic

et al. 2023

Emerging Contaminants

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Exposure and health risk assessment of secondary contaminants closely related to brominated flame retardants (BFRs): Polybrominated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PBDD/Fs) in human milk in shanghai

Cited by 11 publications

References 56 publications

Infant Exposure to PCBs and PBDEs Revealed by Hair and Human Milk Analysis: Evaluation of Hair as an Alternative Biomatrix

Infant Exposure to PCBs and PBDEs Revealed by Hair and Human Milk Analysis: Evaluation of Hair as an Alternative Biomatrix

Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals and Persistent Organic Pollutants in Infant Formulas and Baby Food: Legislation and Risk Assessments

Associations between exposure to brominated flame retardants with cognitive function in U.S. older adults: A cross-sectional study of NHANES from 2011 to 2012

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