Exposure level of carbon monoxide and respirable suspended particulate in public transportation modes while commuting in urban area of Guangzhou, China

Чан, Лю; Lau, W.L; Zou, Shichun; Cao, Zhiguo; Lai, Shengli

doi:10.1016/s1352-2310(02)00687-8

Cited by 219 publications

(112 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Previous studies that targeted the inside of trains and the platform before PSDs installation revealed that the PM 2.5 /PM 10 ratios ranged from 0.50 to 0.85 (Park and Ha, 2008;Chan et al, 2002), which is consistent with results of the present study. However, in this study, the average PM 2.5 /PM 10 ratio after PSDs installations was 0.48 (range, 0.32-0.70), while the PM ratios in lines 1, 3, 6, 7, and 8 were less than 0.50, indicating that the relatively larger particle concentrations inside the train increased after installing PSDs compared with those before PSDs installation.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

Installation of platform screen doors and their impact on indoor air quality: Seoul subway trains

Son¹,

Jeon²,

Lee³

et al. 2014

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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In this study, variations of particulate matter (PM) concentrations in subway trains following installation of platform screen doors (PSDs) in the Seoul subway system were investigated. PM samples were collected in the trains on subway lines 1-8 before and after installation of PSDs. It was found that the mean PM 10 concentration in the trains after PSDs installation increased significantly by 29.9% compared to that before installation. In particular, the increase of PM 10 in line 6 was the highest at 103%. When the relationship between PM 10 and PM 2.5 was compared, coefficients of determination (r 2 ) before and after PSDs installations were 0.696 and 0.169, respectively. This suggests that air mixing between the platform and the tunnel after PSDs installation was extremely restricted. In addition, the indoor/outdoor PM 10 ratio following PSDs installation increased from 1.32 to 2.97 relative to the period with no installed PSDs. Furthermore, this study revealed that PM levels in subway trains increased significantly after all underground PSDs were put in use. Several potential factors were examined that could result in this PM increase, such as train ventilation systems, operational conditions, passenger volume, subway depth, and the length of underground segments.Implications: PM 10 concentrations inside the subway trains increased after PSDs installation. This indicates that air quality in trains was very seriously impacted by PSDs. PM 10 levels were also influenced by the tunnel depth and length of the underground segments. To prevent the adverse effect on human health by PM 10 emitted from the tunnel, an applicable ventilation system to reduce PM 10 is required inside trains and tunnels.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

Installation of platform screen doors and their impact on indoor air quality: Seoul subway trains

Son¹,

Jeon²,

Lee³

et al. 2014

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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“…The PM concentrations in metro systems whether on platforms or inside trains are generally higher compared to those in outdoor air . Levels of PM 10 , PM 2.5 or particle number (PN) have been measured on platforms or inside trains in many metro systems, including those in London (Pfeifer et al, 1999;Sitzmann et al, 1999;Adams et al, 2001;Seaton et al, 2005), Berlin (Fromme et al, 1998), Tokyo (Furuya et al, 2001), Boston (Levy et al, 2002), Hong Kong (Chan et al, 2002a), Guangzhou (Chan et al, 2002b), Stockholm (Johansson and Johansson, 2003), New York (Chillrud et al, 2004), Helsinki (Aarnio et al, 2005, Asmi et al, 2009, Prague (Braniš, 2006), Rome (Ripanucci et al, 2006), Budapest (Salma et al, 2007), Beijing (Li et al, 2006;Li et al, 2007), Mexico , Taipei (Cheng et al, 2008;Cheng et al, 2009;Cheng and Yan, 2011), Seoul (Kim et al, 2008;Park and Ha, 2008), Paris (Raut et al, 2009), and Los Angeles (Kam et al, 2011). The widely varying PM levels and their sources reported in the different metro systems throughout the world indicates that PM may originate from the outside atmosphere or may be generated internally in the underground portion of the metro system (Pfeifer et al, 1999;Sitzmann et al, 1999;Johansson and Johansson, 2003;Chillrud et al, 2004;Aarnio et al, 2005;Braniš, 2006;Ripanucci et al, 2006;Salma et al, 2007;…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparisons of PM10, PM2.5, Particle Number, and CO2 Levels inside Metro Trains between Traveling in Underground Tunnels and on Elevated Tracks

Chen

Liu

Yan

2012

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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Commuters spend considerable time, in some cases up to 1-2 h a day, traveling in metro trains. However, few studies have compared air quality between trains traveling above-ground and underground. This study measures the PM 10 , PM 2.5 , particle number (PN) and CO 2 levels inside metro trains traveling in underground tunnels and on elevated tracks on a metro line in the Taipei metro system. The results demonstrated that PM 10 , PM 2.5 and CO 2 levels inside metro trains traveling in underground environments are approximately 20-50% higher than those in above-ground environments. However, PN levels inside metro trains traveling in underground environments are approximately 20% lower than those in above-ground ones. These measurement results reveal that levels of pollutant species inside the metro trains are significantly affected by traveling environmental conditions--in underground tunnels or on elevated tracks. Moreover, the levels of pollutant species inside the metro trains traveling on the same route are also different in different traveling directions. Fine PM inside the metro trains is transferred from the outside and significantly influenced by the surrounding conditions of the trains. Additionally, a high fraction of large coarse PM (> 10 μm) is observed inside the metro trains, possibly due to re-suspension by the movement of commuters. The measurement results show that, unlike PM, which is transferred from outside environments, CO 2 inside metro trains is elevated internally by exhalation from commuters. Clearly, CO 2 exhaled by commuters could accumulate inside metro trains and, compared to PM, is not as easily removed by the ventilation system when air circulation does not provide enough fresh air in the metro trains, particularly in trains traveling in underground environments.

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“…The information regarding the exposure of the commuter to particulate air pollution is potentially important but studies of journey time exposure to particulate matter are relatively rare. Most of these studies have focused on exposure to PM in motorized transport or to cyclists and were conducted in the developed world: UK (Bevan et al, 1991;Gee and Raper, 1999;Adams et al, 2001;Briggs et al, 2006;Gulliver and Briggs, 2007;Briggs et al, 2008;Nasir and Colbeck, 2009); Germany (Pramal and Schierl, 2000); China (Chan et al, 2002a); Hong Kong (Chan et al, 2002b;Kaminsky et al, 2009), Italy (Geiss et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure to PM10, PM2.5, PM1 and Carbon Monoxide on Roads in Lahore, Pakistan

Colbeck

Nasir

Ahmad

et al. 2011

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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Particulate matter pollution is one of the major environmental concerns in Pakistan. Over the past 20 years there has been a considerable increase in the number of motor vehicles. The present study was conducted to assess journey time and roadside exposure to particulate matter and carbon monoxide along major roads of Lahore during November, 2007. Measurements of particulate mass and carbon monoxide were carried out continuously inside an air conditioned vehicle, while commuting, and outside the vehicle at 36 different locations in the city. Additionally, monitoring was undertaken at a background site throughout the period. The overall mean journey-time concentrations of PM 10 , PM 2.5 , PM 1 , PM 10-2.5 and CO were 103 μg/m , 397 μg/m 3 and 4 ppm, respectively. The highest levels were found at the sites with traffic congestion reflecting, not only, the large contribution of automobile exhaust but also the resuspension of road dust. The majority of public transport vehicles in Lahore are not air-conditioned and it is very likely that commuters are exposed to the similar high levels of pollution.

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Exposure level of carbon monoxide and respirable suspended particulate in public transportation modes while commuting in urban area of Guangzhou, China

Cited by 219 publications

References 18 publications

Installation of platform screen doors and their impact on indoor air quality: Seoul subway trains

Installation of platform screen doors and their impact on indoor air quality: Seoul subway trains

Comparisons of PM10, PM2.5, Particle Number, and CO2 Levels inside Metro Trains between Traveling in Underground Tunnels and on Elevated Tracks

Exposure to PM10, PM2.5, PM1 and Carbon Monoxide on Roads in Lahore, Pakistan

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